Diagnostics FInal toxicology

Question 2

What are the most common house hold products that are toxic to animals from most dangerous to least?

Answer 2

Drain cleaner, oven cleaner, toilet bowel cleaner, ammonia, bleach, dishwasher detergent

Question 3

Describe the product labels for households

Answer 3

1) No label >15 g/kg
2) No label 5-15 g/kg
3) caution 0.5-5 g/kg
4) warning 50-500 mg/kg
5) Danger: posion 5-50 mg/kg
6) Danger: Poison <5 mg/kg

Question 4

What are non-ionic soaps and detergents?

Answer 4

non-phosphate or low suds laundry products, shamppo, dishwashing detergents, low toxicity

Question 5

Anion

Answer 5

alkyl sodium sulfate- found in dishwashing soap , many laundry detergents, shampoo
Can be irritating

Question 6

Cationic

Answer 6

quaternary ammonium derivatives
-used as disinfectants
Most toxic type

Question 7

Amphoteric

Answer 7

Combo of anionic and cationic
-found more in industrial cleaning products

Question 8

What are the most toxic cleaning products ranked

Answer 8

cationic > amphoteric> anionic> non-ionic

Question 9

What are the CS of granular soap toxicity?

Answer 9

vomiting, diarrrhea
hemolysis (anionic)
NS, GI (cationic

Question 10

What are alkali products

Answer 10

ammonia, oven cleaner, drain cleaner
-cause liquefactive necrosis

-DILUTE AND PROTECT TO TREAT (emesis, activated charcoal and catharsis are contraindicated)

Question 11

What are acid products?

Answer 11

toilet bowl cleaners

Question 12

What are oxidizer products

Answer 12

bleach

Question 13

What are hydrocarbon solvents?

Answer 13

in furniture polish, glue etc

Question 14

Disinfectant cleaners -> what are the 3 types?

Answer 14

Cationic surfactants -> straight or mixed with non-ionic surfactants
Phenolic compounds mixed with soap or detergent
Pine-oil based

ALL MORE TOXIC THAN SOAPS AND DETERGENTS

-dilute with milk and water

Question 15

What is the target system of fertilizers

Answer 15

Gi system -> vomiting, diarrhea

Question 16

What is the target for glyphosphate?
What is the toxicity?
MOA?

Answer 16

GI signs
Glyphosphate -> cause surfactant irritation within the GI system
MOA -> interferes with plant specific pathways (interrupts amino acid synthesis)

Question 17

What is the target for phenoacetic acid
toxicity?
MOA

Answer 17

GI, neuromuscular, neural, renal ( myotonia, paresis)
-excreted unchanged in urine. Dogs have decreased ability to excrete organic acids in urine
MOA -> analogues of auxin -> disrupt hormone balance causing abnormal plant growth that surpasses plant nutreitn supply

Question 18

What is the target for paraquat/diaquat?
Toxicity?
MOA

Answer 18

Paraquat ->GI, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, CNS (fatal progressive pulmonary fiboriss)
-Extremely toxic
- caustic contact agent -> induces oxidative stress, oxygen free radicals in the body ->cellular/lipid/protein damage
Kidney -> direct damage to glomerulus and tubules , necrosis -> decrease elimination

Diaquat
->GI, renal, eye
can see cataracts in dogs

Question 19

What is the target for triazine
Toxicity?
MOA?

Answer 19

CNS in cattle
Low acute toxicity via oral and dermal routes
-unknown MOA