Diagnostics FInal toxicology Flashcards
What are the most common house hold products that are toxic to animals from most dangerous to least?
Drain cleaner, oven cleaner, toilet bowel cleaner, ammonia, bleach, dishwasher detergent
Describe the product labels for households
1) No label >15 g/kg
2) No label 5-15 g/kg
3) caution 0.5-5 g/kg
4) warning 50-500 mg/kg
5) Danger: posion 5-50 mg/kg
6) Danger: Poison <5 mg/kg
What are non-ionic soaps and detergents?
non-phosphate or low suds laundry products, shamppo, dishwashing detergents, low toxicity
Anion
alkyl sodium sulfate- found in dishwashing soap , many laundry detergents, shampoo
Can be irritating
Cationic
quaternary ammonium derivatives
-used as disinfectants
Most toxic type
Amphoteric
Combo of anionic and cationic
-found more in industrial cleaning products
What are the most toxic cleaning products ranked
cationic > amphoteric> anionic> non-ionic
What are the CS of granular soap toxicity?
vomiting, diarrrhea
hemolysis (anionic)
NS, GI (cationic
What are alkali products
ammonia, oven cleaner, drain cleaner
-cause liquefactive necrosis
-DILUTE AND PROTECT TO TREAT (emesis, activated charcoal and catharsis are contraindicated)
What are acid products?
toilet bowl cleaners
What are oxidizer products
bleach
What are hydrocarbon solvents?
in furniture polish, glue etc
Disinfectant cleaners -> what are the 3 types?
Cationic surfactants -> straight or mixed with non-ionic surfactants
Phenolic compounds mixed with soap or detergent
Pine-oil based
ALL MORE TOXIC THAN SOAPS AND DETERGENTS
-dilute with milk and water
What is the target system of fertilizers
Gi system -> vomiting, diarrhea
What is the target for glyphosphate?
What is the toxicity?
MOA?
GI signs
Glyphosphate -> cause surfactant irritation within the GI system
MOA -> interferes with plant specific pathways (interrupts amino acid synthesis)
What is the target for phenoacetic acid
toxicity?
MOA
GI, neuromuscular, neural, renal ( myotonia, paresis)
-excreted unchanged in urine. Dogs have decreased ability to excrete organic acids in urine
MOA -> analogues of auxin -> disrupt hormone balance causing abnormal plant growth that surpasses plant nutreitn supply
What is the target for paraquat/diaquat?
Toxicity?
MOA
Paraquat ->GI, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, CNS (fatal progressive pulmonary fiboriss)
-Extremely toxic
- caustic contact agent -> induces oxidative stress, oxygen free radicals in the body ->cellular/lipid/protein damage
Kidney -> direct damage to glomerulus and tubules , necrosis -> decrease elimination
Diaquat
->GI, renal, eye
can see cataracts in dogs
What is the target for triazine
Toxicity?
MOA?
CNS in cattle
Low acute toxicity via oral and dermal routes
-unknown MOA
