Regulatory Animal Diseases & USDA Accreditation

Question 1

(Listed?) Diseases are generally chosen due to what 2 factors?

Answer 1

• Adverse impact on agriculture

- Human health risk

Question 2

T/F: The government monitors cases of certain animal diseases.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When was the last time FMD was seen in the US?

Answer 3

1929

Question 4

What is the morbidity and mortality of FMD in a naive population?

Answer 4

Morbidity:close to 100%, Mortality:40-100%

Question 5

Who is responsible for internationally reportable diseases?

What are they generally associated with?

Answer 5

• OIE, aka World Organization for Animal Health

- Trade barriers between “free” and “disease-endemic” countries.

Question 6

Who is responsible in the US for surveillance of foreign disease introduction as well as surveillance and eradication of US diseases?

Answer 6

USDA, aka US Department of Agriculture

Question 7

What is the veterinary equivalent of WHO?

Answer 7

OIE

Question 8

What does OIE do?

Answer 8

Maintains a list of internationally notifiable animal diseases.

Question 9

Countries that are members of OIE need to report an outbreak of OIE-notifiable disease within what time frame?

Answer 9

24 hours

Question 10

What is the name of the database that OIE maintains?

Answer 10

WAHID: world animal health information database

Question 11

What does FAD stand for?

Answer 11

Foreign animal disease

Question 12

How many animal diseases are listed by the USDA?

Answer 12

48

Question 13

What does the USDA regulate?

Answer 13

All animal imports/exports

Question 14

Does the USDA have veterinarians in every state?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What does AVIC stand for?

Answer 15

Area veterinarian in charge

Question 16

What are USDA state veterinarians responsible for?

Answer 16

• Investigating possible FADs

- Oversee other animal health programs

Question 17

What does the USDA inspect?

Answer 17

Agricultural products and meat for food-borne diseases, both domestic and imported.

Question 18

Is the USDA involved with enzootic diseases?

Answer 18

Yes: manages nationwide control programs for selected enzootic diseases.

Question 19

What do individual state’s lists of notifiable diseases include?

Answer 19

USDA’s list plus other diseases of regional veterinary or public health interest.

Question 20

Do state notifiable lists vary by state?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Who do practicing veterinarians report notifiable diseases to?

Answer 21

State veterinarian

Question 22

What are 3 roles of clinical veterinarians with reportable diseases?

Answer 22

• Part of animal disease detection system.
• Provide vaccinations and detection services for regulatory diseases.
• Perform exams and complete health certificates for animal movement.

Question 23

What are 5 roles of state/USDA veterinarians?

Answer 23

• Monitor movement of animals between states and between countries.
• Manage animal disease control programs.
• Investigate possible cases of foreign/reportable diseases.
• Investigate animal cruelty cases.
• Provide guidance to veterinarians on paperwork for import/export, testing, etc.

Question 24

When should a clinical veterinarian notify a regulatory veterinarian?

Answer 24

Immediately if a FAD is suspected.

Question 25

What are 3 steps taken by the regulatory veterinarian with a suspected FAD?

Answer 25

- Examine the animals. - If clinical signs not compatible with an FAD, file a report and send samples to a veterinary lab as a precaution. - If it is compatible with an FAD, notify other agencies, initiate containment and send samples to USDA's central lab (NVSL).

Question 26

In the US, what is the only lab that can officially diagnose an FAD?

Answer 26

USDA lab

Question 27

T/F: Negative results from state labs "don't count" and need to be confirmed by the USDA lab.

Answer 27

False - They do count.

Question 28

What are 6 control measures can be used in response to an FAD?

Answer 28

- Quarantine zones for animals/humans. - Import/export or trade restrictions. - Testing animals for disease/exposure. - Biosecurity for farms in the region. - Mass culling of all susceptible animals within a given distance of the outbreak. - Ring vaccination or treatment of animals.

Question 29

In 2007, 383 cases of potential FAD's were reported to the USDA, how many were actual FADs? What were they?

Answer 29

- 3 - White spot syndrome in fish in Hawaii, old world screwworm in dog from Hong Kong, new world screwworm in dog from Trinidad.

Question 30

T/F: Federal accreditation is a USDA-led certification program for clinical veterinarians.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The role of practicing veterinarians in animal disease control requires vets to know what 5 things?

Answer 31

- Signs of FADs - Signs of other reportable diseases. - Proper procedures for vaccinating and testing animals for regulated diseases. - How to fill out legal forms for these activities. - Who to report diseases to, when and how.

Question 32

T/F: Any veterinarian can perform exams for health certificates.

Answer 32

False - only USDA accredited veterinarians.

Question 33

T/F: Only USDA accredited veterinarians can perform activities related to regulatory diseases.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

How many types of USDA accreditation are there?

Answer 34

2: Category I and Category II

Question 35

What does USDA accreditation Category I exclude? | How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?

Answer 35

- "Food and fiber" species, horses, all birds, farm-raised aquatic species and zoo animals that could transmit diseases to livestock. - 3 units every 3 years

Question 36

What species are excluded from USDA accreditation Category II? How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?

Answer 36

- None, all species are included. | - 6 units every 3 years

Question 37

What are the 6 steps to becoming USDA accredited?

Answer 37

- Initial accreditation training (online program with certificate of completion). - Core orientation seminar by USDA. - Graduate with the DVM. - Complete USDA state-specific orientation (if required by the state AVIC). - Get licensed for the state you will work in. - Send in form to apply for USDA accreditation.

Question 38

What does IAT stand for?

Answer 38

Initial accreditation training

Question 39

What role do practicing veterinarians play with regards to regulatory animal diseases?

Answer 39

- Provide surveillance | - Contribute to control efforts