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EXAM PUBLIC HEALTH ADMIN & Gral. DEFINITIONS > Intro to Risk Communication & Applications in Veterinary Medicine > Flashcards

Intro to Risk Communication & Applications in Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Risk = what?

A

Risk = Probability X Severity

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2
Q

According to Dr. Peter M. Sandman, Risk = what?

A

Risk = Hazard + Outrage

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3
Q

According to Dr. Sandman, what is the most important factor about risk communication?
Does he feel that Dangerous = Upsetting?

A
  • The incredibly low correlation between a risk’s “hazard” (how much harm it’s likely to do) and its “outrage” (how upset it’s likely to make people).
  • No
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4
Q

T/F: According to Dr. Sandman, the risks that upset people are the same as the risks that kill people.

A

False - They are completely different.

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of riskisms?

A
  • Everything we do involves risk.
  • Zero risk is unachievable.
  • Options exist for managing every risk.
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6
Q

What is risk perception?

A

Combination of thought and emotion.

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7
Q

What does thinking (logic) focus on?

A

The hazard and the probability it will occur.

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8
Q

What does feeling involve?

A

Fear, anger or other emotions that are evoked when considering potential consequences and value of what may be lost.

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9
Q

What are 8 factors of fear?

A
  • It is automatic
  • It comes early
  • It is temporary
  • It is a small over-reaction
  • It may need guidance
  • It is slow to extinguish
  • Easily re-established
  • Contagious
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10
Q

T/F: Denial is more common than fear.

A

False - it is less common.

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11
Q

What are 4 categories of human reaction to risk?

A
  • Acceptance
  • Fear
  • Denial
  • Panic
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12
Q

T/F: Denial is more dangerous than fear.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Denial is a more common response than panic.

A

True

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14
Q

Denial can be reduced when what 3 things happen?

A
  • Legitimize the fear.
  • Take actions to address fear.
  • Make decisions to act from a given range of options.
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15
Q

What 3 things are common of trust?

A
  • Slowly acquired.
  • Readily extinguished.
  • Difficult to re-establish.
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16
Q

What do public health activities help to ensure?

A

That messages and strategies designed to prevent exposure, adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life are effectively communicated to the public.

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17
Q

Risk communication is most often used to describe what?

A

An organization facing a crisis and the need to communicate about that crisis to stakeholders and the public.

18
Q

Risk communication includes what 2 aspects?

A
  • Risk management

- Risk assessment

19
Q

Contemporary risk communication includes what?

A
  • Who says what and when
  • To whom
  • Through what channels
  • with what effect.
20
Q

Who is the audience for risk communication?

A
  • Clients (animal owners, farmers, producers)
  • Employees and a vet clinic, dairy or processing plant
  • Reporters at a press conference
  • The public at a town meeting
21
Q

What are 5 examples of harmful human behavior that can be seen during a crisis?

A
  • Demands for un-needed treatment.
  • Disorganized group behavior (looting/stealing).
  • Bribery/fraud
  • Increased tobacco and alcohol use.
  • Increased multiple unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS).
22
Q

What does MUPS stand for?

A

Multiple unexplained physical symptoms

23
Q

What are Sandman’s 4 tasks of risk communication?

A
  • Precaution advocacy
  • Outrage management
  • Crisis communication
  • Sweet spot
24
Q

You need to utilize precautionary advocacy under what conditions?
How?

A
  • Hazard is high and outrage is low.

- Alerting insufficiently upset people to serious risk.

25
Q

When do you need to utilize outrage management?

How?

A
  • When hazard is low and outrage is high.

- Reassuring excessively upset people about small risks.

26
Q

When do you utilize crisis communication?

How?

A
  • When both the hazard and outrage are high.

- By helping appropriately upset people cope with serious risks.

27
Q

When do you see the sweet spot?

What happens during that time?

A
  • When the hazard and outrage are both intermediate.

- Dialoging with interested people about a significant but not urgent risk.

28
Q

What are 2 common risk communication mistakes made in vet med?

A
  • Withholding information

- Over-assurance of audience.

29
Q

Which trait is most important concerning risk communication?

A

Empathetic

30
Q

What are 3 things to do pre-crisis?

A
  • Be prepared
  • Foster alliances
  • Test messages
31
Q

What are 5 things to do initially with risk communication?

A
  • Acknowledge the event with empathy.
  • Explain and inform the public in simplest terms.
  • Establish agency/spokesperson credibility.
  • Provide emergency courses of action.
  • Commit to stakeholders and public to continued communication.
32
Q

What are 6 aspects of risk communication maintenance?

A
  • Help public more accurately understand its own risks.
  • Provide background and encompassing information to those who need it.
  • Gain understanding and support for response and recovery plans.
  • Listen to stakeholders and audience feedback, and correct misinformation.
  • Explain emergency recommendations.
  • Empower risk/benefit decision-making.
33
Q

What are 4 ways risk communications help in resolution?

A
  • Improve appropriate public response in future similar emergencies through education.
  • Honestly examine problems and mishaps, and then reinforce what worked in the response and recovery efforts.
  • Persuade the public to support policy and resource allocation to the problem.
  • Promote the activities and capabilities of the agency.
34
Q

What are 3 ways to evaluate risk communication?

A
  • Evaluate communication plan and performance.
  • Document lessons learned.
  • Determined specific actions to improve crisis systems or in the crisis plan.
35
Q

What are the 4 steps to message mapping?

A
  • Identify stakeholders.
  • Identify a complete list of stakeholder concerns and questions.
  • Analyze the questions to identify common sets of underlying concerns.
  • Develop key messages in response to the generated list of stakeholder concerns and questions.
36
Q

Studies show that most public health issues are associated with how many primary underlying concerns?

A

8-15

37
Q

How many key messages should be delivered and how many parts for supporting facts to each?

A

3 key messages with 3 parts each.

38
Q

How long should each key message be?

A

Less than 3 seconds or less than 9 words.

39
Q

What reading level should the messages be at?

A

6th grade reading level

40
Q

In messages, avoid the use of what 5 words?

A
  • No, not, never, nothing, none
41
Q

What is risk?

A

A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action.

EXAM PUBLIC HEALTH ADMIN & Gral. DEFINITIONS (9 decks)

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