Regulations Flashcards
IFR Currency Requirements
61.57
Before acting as PIC under IFR or IMC, person must have, within the last 6 calendar months, performed and logged 6-6-HIT.
A person who has failed to meet the instrument experience requirements for more than 6 months may reestablish instrument currency only by completing an IPC. The IPC must consist of:
- ATC clearances and procedures
- Flight by reference to instruments
- Navigation systems
- IAPs
- Emergency operations
- Postflight procedures
The IPC can be conducted by:
- DPE
- Flight instructor
- Authorized US Armed Forces
- Company check pilot
- Person approved by admin
Instrument Rating Requirements
61.65
1. Private Pilot Certificate
2. Read, speak, write, and understand engilsh
3. Receive ground training or home study
4. Meet training aeronautical experience
5. Receive endorsement
- Ready for the knowledge test
- Ready for the practical test
6. Pass the knowledge test
7. Pass the practical test
Instrument Aeronautical Experience Requirements
61.65(d)
1. 50 hrs of XC as PIC,
- 10 of which must be in airplanes
2. 40 hrs of actual or simulated instrument time
- 15 hrsof which must be with an instruct
- 3 hrs of which must be within 2 calendar months of the practical
- and 1 XC 250nm under IFR filed with ATC along airways or directed by ATC, with 3 different approaches at each airport
Preflight action required
91.103 NWKRAFT
- NOTAMS
- WX
- Known ATC delays
- Runway lengths of intended use
- Alternatives available
- Fuel required
- Takeoff and landing distances
Fuel requirements
91.167
Must carry enough fuel to complete flight to:
- First airport of intended landing
- Fly to the alternative
- Fly for 45 min at normal cruise
This does not apply if:
- First airport has an IAP
AND 1-2-3
- Wx 1 hr before and after ETA has forecasted ceiling of 2000’ and 3sm visibility
Requirements to list an airport as an alternative
91.169
The following weather minimums apply in order to list the airport as an alternative
If the airport has instrument procedures and that IAP is a:
- Precision approach: wx at ETA must be 600’ ceiling and 2sm visibility
- Non-precision approach: wx at ETA must be 800’ ceiling and 2sm visibility
(unless the IAP has non-standard alternative wx minimums)
If the airport does not have an IAP:
- The wx at ETA must allow descent from the MEA, approach, and landing under basic VFR conditions
How to check VOR equipment
91.171
1. VOT
2. VOR Checkpoint
- (ground or air)
3. VOR airway
- Land mark
- 20nm
- Low altitude
4. Dual VORs
+/-4 GRD +/-6 FLT
Requirements to land IFR
91.175(c)
In order to operate below DA/MDA you must:
1. Be in a continuous position to descend at a normal ROD using normal maneuvers to land
2. Have the required flight visibility prescribed by the IAP in use
3. Have one of the following visual references distinctly visible and identifiable
- Approach lighting system, but cannot descend below 100’ above the TDZ elv unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are also visible and identifiable.
- Threshold, markings, or lights
- TDZ, markings, or lights
- Runway, markings, or lights
- REIL
- Visual glideslope indicator
IFR min altitudes
91.177
Non-Mnt: 1000’ w/in 4nm of centerline
Mnt: 2000’ w/in 4nm of centerline
IFR cruising altitudes
91.179
Below FL180
- 0-179 odd thousands
- 180-359 even thousands
FL180 to FL290
- 0-179 odd FLs (190, 210, 230)
- 180-359 even FLs (180, 200, 220)
FL290 non-RVSM
4000 increments
- 0-179 (290, 330, 370)
- 180-359 (310, 350, 390)
FL290 RVSM
- 0-179 odd FLs (290, 310, 330)
- 180-359 even FLs (300, 320, 340)
IFR Lost Comms
91.185
VFR conditions - Land ASAP
IFR conditions
- Route: AVEF
- Alt: MEA
- Clearance limit: when to a fix where an approach starts, leave limit at EFC time, or if none, start approach at ETA. If limit is not where an approach starts, leave limit at EFC, if none, start approach at ETA
IFR malfunction reports
91.187
Malfunction of navigational, approach, or communications equipment must be reported to ATC in controlled airspace.
Report should include
- Tail #
- Equipment affected
- Degree to which capability of pilot to operate under IFR
- Nature and extent of assistance desired
Oxygen requirements
91.211
Non-pressurized cabin
12,501 - 14,000: required flight crew uses oxygen after 30 mins
14,001 - 15,000: required flight crew uses oxygen the entire time
15,001 - above: each occupant is provided with oxygen
Pressurized cabin
Above FL250: 10 min supply provided to each occupant
Above FL350 with cabin pressure > 14,000: one pilot wears oxygen mask. Not necessary when (below FL410) there are two pilots, and both have quick donning masks. If one leaves while above FL350, remaining pilot must wear mask.
Required equipment VFR day
91.205(b)
1. Airspeed
2. Altimeter
3. Anti-collision lights
4. Magnetic direction ind
5. Oil pressure gauge
6. Oil temp gauge
7. Manifold pressure (alt eng)
8. Tachometer
9. Temp gauge (liquid cooled)
10. Fuel gauge
11. Landing gear position
12. ELT
13. Safety belt and harness
14. Floatation device (for hire, beyond gliding)
Required equipment VFR night
91.205(c)
All day +
1. Fuses, spare, 3x of each
2. Landing light (for hire)
3. Anti-collision lights
4. Position lights
5. Source of adequate energy for all electrical and radios
