Regulation of systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Gas exchange in plants

A

Controlled by stomata
Open when turgid (filled with water)
Closes when flaccid (less water)
Allows CO2 and O2 in and out. H2O also goes out through stomata.

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2
Q

Movement of water and solutes

A

Plants absorb water for photosynthesis.
Absorb minerals like potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen.
Roots absorb water with their high SA:V ratio
There are two pathways taht eater can take: the cytoplasmic pathway and extracellular pathway

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3
Q

Cytoplasmic pathway (water and minerals)

A

Plasmodesmata (microscopic channels in cells) all water to be transported through the cell membranes of cells (through cytoplasm).
Active and/or osmosis

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4
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

microscopic channels in cells

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5
Q

Extracellular pathway (water and minerals)

A

water and minerals move between cells.

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6
Q

Transpiration

A

The loss of water throguh evaporation.
Creates negative pressure that pulls water up the plant.

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7
Q

Factors affecting transpiration

A

Increase:
heat
humidity decrease
light increase
more open stomata
Decrease:
cold
humid air
light decrease
more closed stomata

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

water is attracted to the xylem walls which creates upward force.

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9
Q

Cohesion

A

water sticks to itself which pulls other water up the plant.

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10
Q

Root pressure

A

Created when osmotic pressure pulls water into the roots pushing water up.

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

The regulation of the human body’s internal environment.

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12
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Ensure stability.
Can out any variations from optimal conditions

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13
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Increases variation.
Maintains direction of stimulus.
E.g. uterine contractions during childbirth.

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14
Q

Receptors

A

Detects stimuli
Exoreceptors: external stimuli
Interoreceptors: internal stim
Types:
Photorecep.
Chemorecep.
Mechanorecep.
Thermorecep.

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15
Q

Effector

A

The cell/tissue/organ that carries out a response to a stimulus such as a hormone.

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16
Q

Heat transmission

A

Conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

17
Q

Responding to heat

A

Sweating (evap.)
Vasodilation (radiation, convec, conduc)

18
Q

Responding to cold

A

Vasoconstriction
Piloerection
Shivering thermogenesis
non-shivering thermogenesis
Increased metabolic activity.

19
Q

Responding to low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia)

A

Islets of langerhan (pancreas) release glucagon which triggers the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

20
Q

Responding to high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia)

A

Islets of langerhan (pancreas) release insulin which triggers the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

21
Q

Translocation

A

Transportation of organic solutes such as sugar.
From leaves to roots.
Composed of seive tubes, companion cells, parenchyma cells, and sclerenchyma cells.