Regulation Of Lymphocyte Response Flashcards
What is an autoimmune disease?
Immune response against self antigens as they are recognised by MCHs
What is an immune mediated inflammatory disease?
Chronic disease with inflammation caused by lack of tolerance or regulation
Can be caused by antigens that look similar to self antigens
T cells or antibodies
What is an allergy?
Harmful immune response to non infectious agents
- mediated by IgE and mast cells releasing histamine
- T cells
What is hypercytokinemia and sepsis?
Too much immune response due to positive feedback
Hypercytokinemia = too many cytokines in blood
Sepsis = when bacteria enters blood
What 4 things can be caused by poorly regulated immune response?
Autoimmune disease
Allergies
Sepsis
Hypercytokinemia
How can these be treated?
By developing immunological tolerance to these agents
What is immunological tolerance?
Specific unresponsive ness to antigens that induce unnecessary immune response as if B recognise self antigen they could mutate to recognise it better which is dangerous for us
What are central and peripheral tolerance?
Central =destroy self reactive T and B before they enter circulation
Peripheral = destroy self reactive T and B that don’t enter circulation
What is AIRE?
Autoimmune regulator allows thymus to express the genes that update expressed in all peptides in peripheral tissue
This means that T cells can be tolerant to all self cells
What does a mutation in AIRE cause ?
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy synth drone type 1
What are the 4 mechanisms for peripheral tolerance?
Anergy
Ignorence
Deletion
Regulation
Anergy
Absence of costimulator signal so naive T cell cannot be activated
Ignorance
In sites where risk of inflammation is greater than risk of infection
There are not APC so no activation
Deletion
T cell express Fas ligand = apoptosis of T cell
Regulation
By Treg
Produces cytokines IL10 to inhibit self reactive T and ACPs pres t antigens like in anergy
