Introduction

Question 1

Describe the evolutionary arms race

Answer 1

Pathogen and host put selective pressure on each other
Allows both to evolve
Pathogen replicate faster so at an advantage but host has flexible immune system

Question 2

Describe the primary response

Answer 2

Innate :
Interferons type 1 interferes with replication 
Natural killer cells kill pathogen
Acquired:
Cytotoxic T 
Antibody production

Question 3

Innate immunity

Answer 3

Present from birth
Relies of pre formed molecules
Faster
Not specific
Recognises patterns PAMPs and DAMPS
Neutrophils, NK, macrophages

Question 4

Acquired immunity

Answer 4

More specific
Slower
Only when exposed to pathogen 
Relies on clonal selection
Give memory 
T, B, dendritic, eosinophils, basophils

Question 5

What does innate immunity do?

Answer 5

Buys time and triggers acquired immunity

Question 6

Describe acute phase inflammation

Answer 6

Interleukin 1 causes fever
Production of:
C-reactive proteins
Serum amyloid proteins
Mannan binding let in

These bind to cell wall of pathogen or sugars found only in pathogens

Question 7

What are cytokines?

Answer 7

Soluble Proteins that allow communication

Question 8

What is an IMMUNOGEN

Answer 8

Antigen that triggers an immune response

Question 9

What are the 5 types of immunoglobulins?

Answer 9

Ig G,M,A,E,D

Question 10

IgG

Answer 10

Crosses placenta from mum to child

Most abundant

Question 11

IgM

Answer 11

Pentamer

Agglutination in primary response

Question 12

IgA

Answer 12

Contains secretory components

Question 13

IgE

Answer 13

In allergic response

Bind to basophils and mast cells and trigger histamine production

Question 14

IgD

Answer 14

Found on B lymphocytes

Question 15

How to antibodies kill a virus?

Answer 15

Bind to virus so it can’t attach to cell
Opsonisation so easily phagocytosed
Complement - lysis
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity- NK cells lyse virus