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Block 1 lectures > Regulation of Inflammation > Flashcards

Regulation of Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine

A

Vasodilation (via releasing NO)

Smooth muscle contraction

Edema

Pain

Itching

(Bronchoconstriction but WAY less than LTC4, D4, E4)

Hypersecretion of mucus

Released: mast cells, basophils, platelets

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2
Q

Nitric Oxide (NO)

A

Vasodilation

AKA endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)

Other functions: antimicrobial bc forms ROSs; can be anti-inflammatory too

Released: endothelium, macrophages

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

Similar to histamine

Released by platelets

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4
Q

Plasma derived mediators of inflammation

A

Complement cascade proteins

Kinins

Coagulation cascade (proteases)

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5
Q

Vasoactive amines

A

Histamine and serotonin

Pre-formed in granules

Vasodilation, edema, itching, smooth muscle contraction, hypersecretion

Act on endothelium

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6
Q

Mast cell

A

Releases: histamine, PAF, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

Functions: edema, vasodilation, wound repair

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7
Q

How does NO mediate indirect vasodilation?

A

Histamine and bradykinin (released from mast cells) contract smooth muscle, but also release NO from endothelial cells to give net vasodilation

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8
Q

True or false: NO is only inflammatory

A

False, it can also be anti-inflammatory

Also produces ROS

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9
Q

What attracts leukocytes into inflamed tissues early on (first few hours)?

A

(Lipid/premade mediators)

Microbial peptides

C5a

LTB4

PAF

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10
Q

What attracts leukocytes into inflamed tissues later on (24 hours)?

A

IL-8 (neutrophils; CXC)

MCP-1 (monocytes; CC)

Other chemokines

All these are slower to be produced but last longer than C5a, LTB4, PAF from early response

(Chemokines/cytokines)

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11
Q

Mediators for Vasodilation

A

NO

Bradykinin and Histamine

PAF

PGI2

PGs (PGD2, PGF2)

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12
Q

Mediators for Edema (Vascular Permeability)

A

Histamine and Bradykinin

C3a

C5a

LTC4, D4, E4

PAF

(PGs potentiate)

Also, fibrinopeptides (products of fibrin breakdown during clot lysis)

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13
Q

Mediators for Pain

A

Bradykinin and Histamine

Substance P

Serotonin

(PGEs potentiate)

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14
Q

Mediators for Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Adhesion

A

Bacterial products

PAF

LTB4

C5a

IL-8

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15
Q

Mediators for Fever (and general acute phase reaction: fever, neutrophilia, somnolence, loss of appetite, low BP)

A

IL-1

TNF-alpha

IL-6

(PGEs in the brain)

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16
Q

NF-kB system

A

Pro-inflammatory

Leads to production of cytokines, adhesion molecules, antivirals, immunostimulation

Blocked by corticosteroids, salicylates and other anti-inflammatory drugs

17
Q

Substance P

A

(Neuropeptides)

Pain

Vasodilation

Vascular permeability

Releases histamine from mast cells

18
Q

What do prostaglandins do?

A

Pain

Fever

Edema/Vasodilation

Block 1 lectures (29 decks)

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