Innate Immunity

Question 1

Structures on pathogens that the innate immune system recognizes

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan (cell wall)

Teichoic acid (gram pos)

LPS (gram neg)

Lipopeptides (bacteria)

Flagella

Unmethylated CpG in DNA (bacteria)

dsRNA (in virus)

Question 2

Proteins involved in recognizing microbial structures

Answer 2

1) TLRs
2) NOD-like receptors
3) Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins
4) Complement

Question 3

NFκB stimulates transcription of what factors?

Answer 3

Adhesion molecules (ICAM, E-selectins)

Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-2, GM-CSF)

Anti-microbial peptides

iNOS (generates NO)

TNFα

INF-β

Question 4

Endotoxin

Answer 4

Molecule on bacteria that is recognized by immune system

Ex: LPS

Associated with gram-negative bacteria

Question 5

Innate Immunity

Answer 5

Physical barriers (skin, epithelia, mucosa)

Chemical barriers (antimicrobials in mucus)

Sensors of microbes and tissue injury

Phagocytes and NK cells

Complement