Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Macroscopic signs of chronic inflammation

Answer 1

1) Ongoing tissue repair and scarring
2) Firm swelling
3) Less redness
4) Less pain
5) Less heat

Question 2

Microscopic signs of chronic inflammation

Answer 2

1) Accumulation of monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells
2) Destruction of normal tissue structures
3) Fibrosis (proliferation of fibroblasts and connective tissue)
4) Angiogenesis
5) Granulomas can form (macrophages around a center and surrounded by fibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

Question 3

Macrophage activation

Answer 3

TNFα from other macrophages

IFN-γ from natural killer (NK) cells

Question 4

3 ways you get chronic inflammation

Answer 4

1) Persistent microbes
2) Genetic defects that lead to impaired resolution of inflammation
3) Occupational lung diseases

Question 5

Granuloma

Answer 5

Aggregate of macrophages sometimes forming multinucleated giant cells, surrounded on outside by lymphocytes and plasma cells

To contain a microbe such as TB, or foreign material

Formation stimulated by IFN-γ and IL-12

Question 6

When will eosinophils infiltrate tissue?

Answer 6

Asthma

Allergic reaction

Parasitic (multicellular) infection

Eosinophils activated by IL-4, IL-5