Regulation Of Glycolysis

Question 0

Glucose Phosphorylation

Answer 0

Liver: Glucokinase and Hexokinase

Muscle: Hexokinase

Question 1

Glucose Entry

Answer 1

Liver: GLUT-2, insulin independent

Muscle: GLUT-4, insulin dependent

Question 2

PFK-1

Answer 2

Liver/Muscle:

AMP (+), Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (+), Citrate (-), ATP (-)

Liver only: cAMP (-)

Question 3

PFK-2 (phosphofructokinase 2)

Answer 3

Bifunctional enzyme: Kinase (increase Glucagon, increase cAMP, increase PKA), Phosphatase
Liver: regulated by cAMP, decreases [Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate]. PKA activates Phosphatase (ACTS AS KINASE IN LIVER)
Muscle: NOT regulated by cAMP, AMP Kinase activates kinase

Question 4

GAPDH

Answer 4

Liver/Muscle: NAD/NADH

Question 5

Pyruvate kinase (Phosphenolpyruvate, or PEP to Pyruvate)

Answer 5

Liver: cAMP (-), alanine (-), ATP (-), Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (+)

Muscle: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (+), ATP (-)

Question 6

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 6

Liver: Insulin (+), Ca++ (+), ADP (+), ATP (-), NADH (-), Acetyl CoA (-)
NADH, Acetyl CoA, and ATP made by Fatty Acid Synthesis: self-regulated

Muscle: Insulin (+), Ca++ (+), ADP (+), ATP (-), NADH (-), Acetyl CoA (-)
ATP used in exercise, low ATP drives ATP production.