Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Question 1

What are the general mechanisms of gene expression?

Answer 1

Transcription
Post-Transcriptional Processing of mRNA transcript
Transport of processed mRNA to cytoplasm
Translation of processed mRNA into protein

Question 2

Gene Transcription
What cis-acting DNA sequences affect Gene Transcription?

Answer 2

Promotors
Transcription Factors
Enhancers
Insulators
Response Elements
Chromatin Structure

Question 3

Gene Transcription
What are the components of a Transcription Unit?

Answer 3

Promoters (Core, Proximal, Distal)
Exons
Introns
Additional DNA sequences modifying Transcription Process

Question 4

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Location

Answer 4

Upstream of Transcription Start Site

Question 5

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Function

Answer 5

Signals Initiation Site of Gene Transcription to RNAPol II

Question 6

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Transcribed or Not Transcribed?

Answer 6

Not Transcribed

Question 7

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Types

Answer 7

Core Promoter
Proximal Promoter
Distal Promoter

Question 8

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Components of Core Promoter

Answer 8

Inr
TATA Box
Transcriptional Start Site
RNA Polymerase Binding Site

Question 9

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Proximal Promoter location?

Answer 9

Hundreds of Nucleotides away from Transcription Start Site

Question 10

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Proximal Promoters components

Answer 10

CAAT Box
GC Box

Question 11

Gene Transcrption
Promoters: How are they responsible for Tissue-Specific Gene Expression?

Answer 11

Alternative Promoters enable Tissue-Specific Gene Expression

Question 12

Gene Transcription
Promoters: Methylation of Promoters causes …

Answer 12

inhibition of transcription

Question 13

Gene Transcription
Promotors: Alternative Promoters Example

Answer 13

Gene for Dystrophin: Muscle protein deficient in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Alternative Promoters: Give rise to brain-, muscle-, and retinal-specific proteins

Question 14

Gene Transcription
Enhancers: Function

Answer 14

Modulate level of Gene Transcription

Question 15

Gene Transcription
Enhancers: Location

Answer 15

Lie upstream or downstream of Proximal Promotors

Question 16

Gene Transcription
Enhancers: Also called …

Answer 16

Distal Promoters

Question 17

Gene Transcription
Enhancers may be important in conferring …

Answer 17

tissue-specific transcription

Question 18

Gene Transcription
Enhancers: Some genes may ____ which leads to ____

Answer 18

__share the same enhancer__
__co-expression__

Question 19

Gene Transcription
Insulators: Function

Answer 19

Restrict Enhancer Action

Question 20

Gene Transcription
Insulators: Description

Answer 20

Short DNA Sequences

Question 21

Gene Transcription
Response Elements: Description

Answer 21

DNA Sequences enabling binding of Transcription Factors following stimuli to Stimulate or Repress Gene Expression