Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2S3: Molecular Biology > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of Prokaryotic DNA Replication?

A

Complementary Strand Separation
Replication Fork Formation
Chain Elongation
RNA Primer Excision and Replacement by DNA
Proofreading of newly synthesized DNA
Termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
What does DNA Polymerase use as a template?

A

ssDNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Ori C (origin of replication) is consensus ____ which facilitates ____

A

__A-T rich__
__melting__

A-T rich means that the hydrogen bonds are weaker which facilitates separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
How many points of origin of replication in prokaryotes?

A

Single origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
What are the proteins required for Initiation and Strand Separation?

A

DnaA
DNA helicase DnaB
Single-Stranded Binding Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Function of DnaA

A

Binds to OriC sequences
Helps DNA melting and strand separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Function of DnaB

A

Binds to ssDNA and unwinds the double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Single-Stranded Binding Protein

A

Binds to ssDNA to prevent reannealing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Why may supercoils form during complementary strand separation?

A

Due to double helix separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Which enzymes help release supercoils?

A

DNA Topoisomerase I
DNA Topoisomerase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Steps of DNA Topoisomerase I action

A

Cuts one DNA strand allowing the other strand to pass through and relieve supercoil tension
Reseals cut after completion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
DNA Topoisomerase I ATP requirement

A

No ATP requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Steps of DNA Topoisomerase II action

A

Binds tightly to DNA double helix
Makes transient breaks in both strands
Enzyme causes a second stretch of DNA double helix to pass through the break
Reseals break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
DNA Topoisomerase II ATP requirement

A

ATP required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Complementary Strand Separation
Which drugs may target topoisomerases?

A

Anticancer Agents (Chemotherapeutics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
The 2 strands unwind in opposite directions forming a …

A

replication bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
Direction of DNA Polymerase reading

A

3’ → 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
In what direction does DNA Polymerase synthesize new DNA?

A

5’ → 3’

19
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
Which strand is synthesized continuously

A

Leading Strand (3’ → 5’) towards replication fork

20
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
Which strand is synthesized non-continuously?

A

Lagging Strand (5’ → 3’) away from replication fork

21
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
How is the Lagging Strand synthesized?

A

Short fragments called Okazaki fragments interupted by RNA primers

22
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
How are Okazaki fragments linked?

A

After removing RNA primers, fragments are joined by ligase

23
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Replication Fork Formation
What initiates DNA strand synthesis?

A

RNA Polymerase adds RNA primers for DNA polymerase to act on

Primers are removed after replication

24
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Chain Elongation
Describe the process of chain elongation

A

DNA polymerase elongates DNA by adding dNTPs from the RNA primer

25
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Chain Elongation
DNA polymerase III function

A

Chain elongation of leading and lagging strands

26
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Chain Elongation
How many dNTPs (nucleotides) must be presents for elongation process?

A

4

27
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: RNA Primer Excision and Replacement by DNA
How far does the DNA polymerase III go on the lagging strand?

A

Until it is blocked by proximity to RNA primer

28
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: RNA Primer Excision and Replacement by DNA
What catalyses the replacement of the RNA primer?

A

DNA Polymerase I

29
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: RNA Primer Excision and Replacement by DNA
What catalyses the formation of the phosphodiester bonds between Okazaki Fragments?

A

DNA Ligase

30
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Proofreading of Newly Synthesized DNA
Describe the process of proofreading DNA

A

DNA Polymerase has exonuclease activity in 3’ → 5’ direction

31
Q

Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Termination
How is DNA replication terminated?

A

Binding of specific protein to replication termination sites of DNA

32
Q

Where does eukaryotic DNA replication originate from?

A

Multiple sites along DNA helix

33
Q

What is the benefit of having multiple origins of replication?

A

Faster replication process

34
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
How are RNA primers removed in Eukaryotes?

A

RNAase H

35
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
What are the eukaryotic DNA polymerases?

A

Pol α
Pol ε
Pol δ
Pol β
Pol γ

36
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Pol α function

A

Synthesizes short RNA segment
Extended by Pol α 5’ → 3’ polymerase activity

37
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Pol ε function

A

Completes DNA synthesis on leading strand

38
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Pol δ function

A

Elongates Okazaki Fragments of lagging strand
Use 3’→5’ exonuclease activity to proofread newly synthesized DNA

39
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Pol β function

A

Involved in gap filling in DNA repair

40
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Pol γ function

A

Replicates mitochondrial DNA

41
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
Which proteins control progression through cell cycle?

A

Cyclins
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)

42
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
What is an oncogene?

A

Altered gene which accelerates cell division
E.g. Ras and MYC oncogenes

43
Q

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
What are tumor suppressor genes?

A

Inhibit cell growth and division
E.g. P53 gene and RB gene

MD2S3: Molecular Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions