Regulation of Gene Expression

Question 1

Pretranscriptional modifications

Answer 1

Chromatin remodeling and methylation

Question 2

Transcriptional modifications

Answer 2

Capping, splicing, polyadenylation

Question 3

Post transcriptional modifications

Answer 3

Alternate splicing, alternate polyadenylation sites, RNA editing, nuclear transport, RNA degradation, micro RNA

Question 4

Translational modifications

Answer 4

ferritin

Question 5

Post-translational modifications

Answer 5

Folding, phosphorylation, glycosylation, cleavage, disulfide bond formation, multi-subunit assembly, dimerization, degradation, intracellular targeting, secretion

Question 6

Heterochromatin

Answer 6

Highly condensed, coiled with many solenoids

Question 7

Euchromatin

Answer 7

Loose with few if any solenoids (much more transcriptionally active because of its exposure to RNA polymerase)

Question 8

HAT

Answer 8

Induces euchromatin formation by acetylating lysine residues of histones

Question 9

HDAC

Answer 9

Induces formation of heterochromatin by removing acetyl groups of histone lysines

Question 10

DNA methyltransferase

Answer 10

inactivates gene expression by methylating the recognition sequences of promoters and enhancers, thereby preventing TFs from binding

Question 11

RNAi

Answer 11

Inactivates expression of specific genes by relying on microRNAs; these miRNAs anneal to the complimentary region of mRNA then RISC binds the double stranded RNA and degrades the transcript (degrades all mRNAs with this sequence)