Protein Translation

Question 1

Ribosomal unit formation

Answer 1

Several rRNAs are transcribed and processed; ribonucleoproteins bind these RNAs to assemble the small and large subunits of the ribosome

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Region (NOT MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLE) of nucleus with abundant ribosome synthesis

Question 3

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 3

charges a tRNA by binding it with a specific amino acid

Question 4

anticodon

Answer 4

on tRNA that specifies which charged tRNA will pair with which codon

Question 5

nuclear pore complexes

Answer 5

shuttle factors between nucleus and cytoplasm; some shuttled in (DNA, RNA polymerase, TFs) and some shuttled out (mRNA)

Question 6

location of post-translational modification and protein sorting

Answer 6

RER and golgi

Question 7

Factors that mediate proper folding

Answer 7

chaperones

Question 8

destination of proteins translated free in cytoplasm

Answer 8

Cytoplasm or specific organelle

Question 9

Destination of proteins translated on the rER

Answer 9

membrane bound, specific organelles, or secretion

Question 10

Initiation

Answer 10

Ribosomal subunits form with mRNA sandwiched in the middle; charged tRNA (Met first) comes in and binds to the P site

Question 11

Elongation

Answer 11

P site region of ribosome that binds tRNA that is attached to the growing polypeptide; A site region of ribosome that binds charged tRNA for next amino acid to be bound to the growing polypeptide; when codon reached A site ribosome looks for charged tRNA with matching anticodon, they pair anchoring the tRNA to the site, growing polypeptide at the P site is transferred to the amino acid at the A site

Question 12

Release

Answer 12

when a stop codon is reached, the completed polypeptide, mRNA, and ribosomal subunits come apart

Question 13

Peptidyl transferase

Answer 13

Forms peptide bonds as mRNA and tRNAs are translocated between A and P sites