Regulation Of Eukaryotic Transcription

Question 1

Housekeeping genes

Answer 1

Expressed in all cells

Question 2

Temporally regulated genes

Answer 2

Expressed at certain times

Question 3

Tissue - specific genes

Answer 3

Expressed in some types of cells

Question 4

Response elements

Answer 4

DNA sequences in the promoter needed for the initiation of the activity of the RNA pol

Question 5

Domains of transcription factors

Answer 5

DNA binding, transactivating, dimerzation, and ligand binding

Question 6

DNA binding domain

Answer 6

Recognizes DNA response elements

Includes zinc finger domain, helix-turn-helix, helix - loop-helix, and leucine zipper

Question 7

Transactivating domain

Answer 7

Binds to other components used to regulate genes

Question 8

Dimerization domain

Answer 8

Acts as a dimer and binds to its partner

Question 9

Ligand binding domain

Answer 9

Binds to ligand to induce the transcription factor

Question 10

Steroid hormone receptors

Answer 10

Ligand -dependent transcription factors that function as a dimer, they are classified into homodimers and heterodimers

Question 11

Why are steroids powerful?

Answer 11

Cus they can turn on sets of genes

Question 12

Homodimers

Answer 12

Have a palindromic arrangement and bind to the half site TGTTCT

Question 13

Heterodimers

Answer 13

Arranged in half site direct repeats with rxr, the half site is TGACCT and the number of nucleotides is what determines which receptor binds to it

Question 14

Covalent modification

Answer 14

Adding a phosphate group to a transcription factor to change its shape

Question 15

Cell localization

Answer 15

Change the location of a transcription factor to regulate it

Question 16

Cell sequestration

Answer 16

Binding a transcription factor to other factors to hold on to it and trap it

Question 17

Ligand binding

Answer 17

Activity of transcription factor is regulated by whether the ligand /hormone is present or not

Question 18

Packaging of DNA

Answer 18

DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosome loops then it is coiled to form a solenoid then radial loops

Question 19

Epigenetics

Answer 19

Inheritable information that is encoded by modifications of genome and chromatin components, it affects transcriptional regulation

Question 20

Histone modifications

Answer 20

Alters degree of relaxation or compaction of chromatin

Question 21

DNA methylation

Answer 21

Adding methyl group to cytosines in promoters to block access to transcription factors