Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

List the 2 ‘synthesis’ processes in Carbohydrate Metabolism

Answer 1

• Gluconeogenesis

- Glycogenesis

Question 2

State the enzyme that catalyses: Glucose to G6P

Answer 2

Hexokinase

Question 3

State the enzyme that catalyses: G6P to Glucose

Answer 3

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 4

What factor moderates ‘Hexokinase’ activity

Answer 4

[Glucose]

Question 5

State how many variations of hexokinase there are.

Answer 5

Hexokinase (1-4)
4 enzymes

Question 6

Which Hexokinase only become saturated at higher [glucose]

Answer 6

Hexokinase 4

Question 7

Which hexokinase(s) become inhibited in the presence of G6P?

Answer 7

Hexokinase 1-3

Question 8

Which hormone increases [Hexokinase 4]?

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

Which hormone increases [G6P]?

Answer 9

Glucagon

Question 10

Number of phosphate groups in ‘Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate’?

Answer 10

2

bisphosphate: at carbon site 1&6

Question 11

Name the Fructose molecule that regulates metabolic hormones; by binding to the allosteric effector site.

Answer 11

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

loaction of the phosphate can decipher the function

Question 12

Increasing [F26BP] stimulates which metabolic hormone?

Answer 12

-Insulin

Question 13

Increasing [F26BP] stimulates which metabolic process?

Answer 13

-Glycolysis

also inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 14

Decreasing [F26BP] stimulates which metabolic hormone?

Answer 14

-Glucagon

Question 15

Decreasing [F26BP] stimulates which metabolic process?

Answer 15

-Gluconeogenesis

also inhibits glycolysis

Question 16

How is F6P to F16BP regulated?

Answer 16

-F26BP is an Allosteric effector

Question 17

Which molecule is responsible for the allosteric binding in the metabolic regulation?

Answer 17

-F26BP

Fructose-2,6-bisPhosphate

Question 18

What is a Kinase?

Answer 18

An enzyme which catalyses the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy molecules (ATP,GTP etc) to specific substrates.

Question 19

Glucagon, stimulates the phosphorylation of which enzyme in the liver?

Answer 19

-Pyruvate Kinase

Question 20

Unphosphorylated ‘Pyruvate Kinase’ catalyses which step in Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 20

-PEP to Pyruvate

‘pyruvate’ kinase is the hint in what is produced

Question 21

Phosphorylation of ‘Pyruvate Kinase’ causes the enzyme to become_?

Answer 21

-inactive

Question 22

Inactive pyruvate kinase causes what in hepatocytes

Answer 22

-Glucose oxidation is slowed down in hepatocytes

Question 23

Which metabolic hormone promotes Glucose to Glycogen process?

Answer 23

-Insulin

Question 24

Revise/Create more Cards

Answer 24

Revise/Create more Cards

Question 25

List the 2 ‘breakdown’ processes in Carbohydrate Metabolism

Answer 25

• Glycolysis

- Glycogenolysis