Gluconeogenesis Flashcards
Meaning of Gluconeogenesis?
Generating glucose from the synthesis of ‘non-carbohydrates’
gluco-neo-genesis
Precursors of Glucose?
G - A - L - P
- Glycerol
- Amino acids
- Lactate
- Pyruvate
Where does the first reaction of Pyruvate take place?
[Gluconeogenesis]
Inside the mitochondrion
What is Pyruvate converted into?
[Gluconeogenesis]
Pyruvate –> oxaloacetate
Requires energy from ATP
Meaning of decarboxylation
The removal of Carbon
Meaning of phosphorylation
Addition of a Phosphate group
Pi = inorganic phosphate
Meaning of carboxylation
Addition of Carbon
Meaning of De-phosphorylation
Removal of a Phosphate group
Define Catabolism
Breakdown of large molecules to smaller ones, harvesting energy.
(breakdown of glucose)
Define Anabolism
Synthesis of smaller molecules, forming larger molecules.
- Consumes energy - energy stored in bonds
PEP Carboxykinase catalyses Oxaloacetate into ___?
[Gluconeogenesis]
Oxaloacetate –> Phophoenolpyruvate (PEP)
- Requires enerygy from GTP
What energy sources used for:
- Pyruvate –> Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
[Gluconeogenesis]
- ATP
- GTP
Extra:
(In transporting Oxaloacetate out of the cell, Carboxylation to Maltate occurs; then maltate is decarboxylated back into Oxaloacetate –> ready to be converted into PEP)
What happens to PEP?
(Phosphoenolpyruvate)
[Gluconeogenesis]
Converted into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
What happens to Fruc-1,6-bisP?
[Gluconeogenesis]
dephosphorylated, forming Fruc-6-bisP
What happens to Fruc-6-bisP?
[Gluconeogenesis]
Converted into Glucose-6-phosphate
