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Physiology Block 7 > Regulation Of Breathing And Integrative Functions > Flashcards

Regulation Of Breathing And Integrative Functions Flashcards

1
Q

How are Pa)2 and PCO2 tightly regulated

A

By the medulla

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2
Q

What are the two places in the medulla that tightly regulate PaO2 and PCO2?

A

Inspiration center

Expirtory center

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3
Q

What does the inspiration center in the medulla do

A

Sets breathing rate by controlling diaphragm

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4
Q

What does the expiratory center in the medulla do

A

Usually inactive, only active when accessory muscles are needed

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Respond to changes in concentration of CO2, H+, and O2 in blood/CSF

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6
Q

Stretch receptors and breathing

A

Respond to changes in lung air/blood volume and limb movement

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7
Q

Higher control and breathing

A

Conscious control of breathing is possible until you pass out

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8
Q

What is the most powerful control of breathing

A

Central chemo receptors

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9
Q

What are the two different kinds of chemoreceptors for breathing

A

Central and peripheral

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10
Q

What do central chemoreceptors respond to

A

PH and CSF

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11
Q

Low pH and central chemoreceptors

A

Increases breathing rate

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12
Q

High pH in central chemoreceptors

A

Decreases breathing rate

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13
Q

What is pH a readout level of in reaching

A

CO2 levels

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14
Q

What receptor is responsible for the drive to breathe?

A

Central chemoreceptors

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15
Q

What metabolites are most responsible for the drive to breathe?

A

Acid or CO2

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16
Q

Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors

A

Carotid bodies and aortic arch

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17
Q

What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A

Low PaO2 levels

Carotids also sensitive to pH

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18
Q

What happens as PaO2 drops

A

Increased ventilation, also get more increase of ventilation if PaCO2 is high

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19
Q

What are the stretch receptors responsible for breathing

A

Lung receptors
Joint and limb receptors
J receptors

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20
Q

What do lung receptors sense

A

Fullness of lungs, increase expiration duration when high

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21
Q

What do joint and limb receptors sense

A

Increased ventilation when movement is sensed

-sometimes you start breathing faster before you actually exercise

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22
Q

What do J receptors sense

A

Fullness of pulmonary capillaries, cause rapid, shallow breathing

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23
Q

What does high pulmonary BP cause?

A

Shallow, rapid breathing, as dictated by the J receptors

24
Q

Which of the following receptors would be activated during congestive heart failure

A

J receptors

25
Q

What doe sexercise do to O2 consumption

A

Increases it

26
Q

What does exercise do to CO2 production

A

Increases it

27
Q

What does exercise do to ventilation

A

Increases it

28
Q

What does increased PCO2 levels do as far as pH

A

Changed into an buffered into bicarbonate whihc decreased pH in CSF, sets off receptors

29
Q

Arterial blood in exercise

A

-no change in PaO2 (because of ventilation)
-no change in PaCO2 (because of ventilation)
-no change, or decrease in pH
(Helps increase ventilation if necessary)

30
Q

Venous blood during exercise

A

Increase PVCO2

Helps drive to breathe

31
Q

Cardiac output during exercise

A

Increased

32
Q

Pulmonary blood flow during exercise

A

Increased

33
Q

V/Q ratio in lungs during exercise

A

More even, usually it is 0.8, but it is closer to 1 during exercise

34
Q

Physiological dead space during exercise

A

Decreased

35
Q

Pressure in capillaries during exercise

A

Increased

36
Q

During exercise, Where in the lungs is there an increase of blood flow to that normally doesn’t have any

A

Apex of lungs

37
Q

What happens to heart rate during exercise

A

Increases

38
Q

What happens to afterload during exercise?

A

Increased

DOUBLE CHECK

39
Q

What happens to preload during exercise?

A

Decreased

DOUBLE CHECK

40
Q

What happens to the preload on the right side of the heart during exercise?

A

I don’t know, check

41
Q

What happens to preload on left side of the heart during exercise?

A

I don’t know, check

42
Q

What happens to the O2 hemoglobin curve during exercise

A

Shifts to the right

  • increased P50
  • decreased affinity for O2
43
Q

What is high altitude similar to

A

Hypoxia

44
Q

What happens to alveolar PO2 in high altitude

A

Decreased

45
Q

What happens to the A-a gradient in high altitude?

A

Doesn’t change. They stay matched at any altitude

46
Q

What happens to ventilation during high altitude change

A

Increases

47
Q

What happens to PaO2 during high altitude

A

Decreased

48
Q

What happens to pH during high altitude

A

Increased

-alkalosis, losing acid

49
Q

What happens to pulmonary resistance at high altitude

A

Increased

50
Q

What happens to pulmonary arter pressure at high altitude

A

Increased

51
Q

What happens to the right ventricle after being at high altitude for long time

A

Hypertrophy

52
Q

What happens to BPG at high altitude

A

Increased

53
Q

What kind of shift on the hemoglobin curve do you get at high altitude

A

Right, unloads more O2

54
Q

What happens to P50 at high altitude

A

Increased

55
Q

What happens to affinity for O2 at high altitude

A

Decreased

56
Q

What happens in kidneys during high altitude

A

Makes more RBC

Physiology Block 7 (10 decks)

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