Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Question 1

What two systems regulate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 1

baroreceptor reflex

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 2

what cranial nerve is associated with the carotid sinus of the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 2

glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

sinus nerve of Hering

Question 3

what cranial nerve is associated with the aortic sinus of the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 3

Vagus (CN X)

aortic nerve

Question 4

where do the carotid and aortic sinus lead to in the brain and what neurotransmitter does it use

Answer 4

nucleas tractus solitarius (NTS)

use glutamate

Question 5

what are the baroreceptors most responsive to

Answer 5

rate of change in pressure

Question 6

how does RAAS controls blood pressure

Answer 6

regulating blood volume

Question 7

in what conditions is renin secreted and by which organ

Answer 7

renin is secreted by the kidney in response to a drop in BP

stimulated by b1 adrenergic receptor activation

Question 8

what kidney cells secrete renin

Answer 8

juxtaglomerular cells (JG) in response to low BP or sympathetic stim

Question 9

what are 3 named forms of natriuretic peptide

Answer 9

atrial
brain
c-type

Question 10

what does natriuretic peptide do

Answer 10

arteriolar dilation - decreases TPR
increases fluid loss - decreases preload
inhibits renin- decreases both TPR and preload

protects against over dilation or overstretching of cardiac chambers

Question 11

compensatory response to decreased blood volume

Answer 11

decreased:

• carotid sinus firing
• unstressed volume (veins and venules)

increased:

• HR, contractility, CO (b1 receptors)
• TPR
• Renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, epi, ADH (fluid retention)

Question 12

compensatory response to increased blood volume

Answer 12

increase:
- ANP
- HR
- renal vasodilation

decrease:
-ADH