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Sem 3: Pharm > Regulated - Controlled Drugs - Forno > Flashcards

Regulated - Controlled Drugs - Forno Flashcards

1
Q

Controlled drugs are regulated by the _______

A

DEA

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2
Q

What class of controlled drug has the highest potential for abuse?

A

Schedule 1 (heroin)

** DVM not allowed to ever prescribe

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3
Q

In general, controlled drugs must:

A
  1. Be stored securely
  2. Record amounts purchased, administered, and dispensed
  3. Biennial inventory
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4
Q

What drugs must be stored in a class V security container?

A
  1. Thiafentanil
  2. Carfentanil
  3. Etorphine hydrochloride
  4. Diprenorphine

** doesnt mean these drugs are schedule 5, just needs class V container

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5
Q

Use of opoids in food producing animals is permitted by __________ if an adequate withdrawal time can be determined

A

AMDUCA

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6
Q

Where can you find information on the withdrawal time of opoids in food producing animals?

A

FARAD

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7
Q

Why can’t Tramadol be found in the Green Book or VetGram?

A

Not currently FDA approved as a veterinary medication

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8
Q

Schedule I drugs in Canada?

A
  • Needs a prescription
  • Provided by pharmacist
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9
Q

Schedule II drugs in Canada?

A
  • Prescription not required
  • only available from pharmacist
  • Requires intervention from pharmacist at point of sale
  • No public access and no patient self selection
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10
Q

Schedule III drugs in Canada?

A
  • Available without prescription
  • May have risks to certain populations in self-selection
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11
Q

What drugs have NO allowable extra label drug use in any food producing animal species? (8)

A

Group 1 Drugs

  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clenbuterol
  3. Diethylstilbesterol (DES)
  4. Fluoroquinolone (Antibiotic)
  5. Glycopeptides- all agents (Vancomycin)
  6. Medicated feeds
  7. Nitroimidazoles- all agents (Metronidazole)
  8. Nitrofurans - all agents
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12
Q

What drugs are prohibited or restricted from ELDU in food producing animals? (6)

A

Group 2 Drugs

  1. Adamantane & Neuraminidase inhibitors
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Gentian Violet
  4. Indexed drugs
  5. Sulfonamide (Antibiotic)
  6. Phenylbutazone
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13
Q

Group III restricted and prohibited drugs in food animals:

A

Drugs with special restrictions for Grade A Dairy operations

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14
Q

Drugs prohibited due to toxic reactions?

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clenbuterol
  3. Phenylbutazone
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15
Q

What kind of drug is chloramphenicol?

A

Antibiotic

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16
Q

What kind of drug is clenbuterol?

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

What kind of drug is phenylbutazone?

A

NSAID

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18
Q

Cancer causing prohibited drugs?

A
  1. Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
  2. Nitrofurans
  3. Nitronimidazoles
  4. Sulfonamides
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19
Q

Drugs prohibited due to antimicrobial resistance?

A
  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Glycopeptides
  3. Cephalosporins
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20
Q

Concerning antiviral drugs in poultry….

A

No antiviral drugs are labeled for use in poultry in the USA at all

  • used in places outside of US to prevent spread of avian influenza
  • could promote drug resistance
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21
Q

What kind of drug is Adamantane?

A

Antiviral drug

  • inhibits viral replication
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22
Q

What kind of drug are neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

Antiviral drug

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23
Q

What is gentian violet?

A

Xenobiotic dye

-increases dietary absorption of methionine and glucose

  • Mold inhibitor

** not approved by FDA, impact of residues on human health has not been studied

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24
Q

Gentian violet is a mold inhibitor used to prevent growth retardation, but it is not approved by the FDA. What is an alternative mold inhibitor that can be used?

A

Propionic acid, other organic acids

25
Q

What kind of drug is dypirone?

26
Q

Concerns about Dypirone?

A

Teratogenic, prolonged bleeding time and agranulocytosis in humans

  • Can NOT use in food-producing animals or lactating dairy animals
27
Q

When can Dypirone be used?

A

NSAID that can ONLY be used for injections in horses

28
Q

What drugs are not to be used or stored on dairy operations or fed to lactating diary cattle?

A
  1. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
  2. Colloidal Silver
29
Q

Concerns associated with Dimethyl Sulfoxide?

A

Carcinogenic diseases

Cant use or store on dairy operations, cant use in feed to lactating dairy cattle

30
Q

Why can’t colloidal silver be used?

A
  • Human consumption can cause argyria- permanent gray/blue discoloration of skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs
  • Use in pets can endanger the health of the patient by delaying timely appropriate treatment
31
Q

Why is chloramphenicol prohibited in food producing animals?

A

Causes aplastic anemia in humans

  • Residues in food animals can be fatal
32
Q

Chloramphenicol can’t be used in food producing animals. What other drug can be used that attempts to accomplish the same goal?

A
  1. Thiamphenicol ( not approved in US)
  2. Florfenicol - approved for use in pigs and beef cattle
33
Q

When can’t Florfenicol be used?

A
  1. Dairy cows > 20 months
  2. Veal calves
  3. Calves < 1 month old
  4. Calves on all milk diet
34
Q

When is Clenbuterol approved for FDA use??

A

In horses with airway constriction only

35
Q

Concerns associated with Clenbuterol?

A
  • Illegal for use in food producing animals
  • Residues in food products pose a threat to people, fatal
  • ZERO TOLERANCE for residues
36
Q

__________ has a zero tolerance for residues in food producing animals

A

Clenbuterol

37
Q

Concerns associated with Phenylbutazone?

A
  • aplastic anemia in humans
  • Long half life in ruminant spp
  • Not covered by AMDUCA
  • Prohibited use in female dairy cattle > 20 months old
38
Q

Phenylbutazone is an NSAID that can’t be used in lactating dairy cattle. What drug can be used in lactating dairy cattle?

A

Flunixin meglumine

** should only be used IV

39
Q

What is diethylstilbestrol?

A

Non steroidal estrogen that used to be used to promote growth in food animals

*** no longer marketed in the US

*** use in food animals is prohibited

40
Q

What kind of drug are nitrofurans?

A

Antibiotics

  1. Nitrofurazone
  2. Furazolidone
41
Q

Concerns associated with nitrofurans?

A
  • Carcinogenic effects
  • Banned from use in food producing spp
  • Residues found in meat and milk of cows
  • Members of this drug class in food animals is illegal
42
Q

What kind of drug are nitronimidazoles?

A

Antibiotics

Ex: Metronidazole

43
Q

Concerns associated with Nitromidazoles?

A
  • Linked to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in cattle
  • Prohibited use in food animals, illegal
44
Q

Concerns associated with Sulfonamides?

A
  • Carcinogenic
  • Banned in adult dairy cattle
  • Discouraged use in shoats bc residues in milk
45
Q

What kind of drug are sulfonamides?

A

Antibiotic

46
Q

Sulfonamides can’t be used in adult dairy cattle. Why? And what is an alternative drug that can be used?

A

Carcinogenic

  • You can use sulfadimethoxine according to label, ELDU is prohibited
47
Q

Concerns associated with Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Prohibited from ELDU by FDA
  • Illegal to use enrofloxacin in poultry
48
Q

When can enrofloxacin be used?

A

To treat respiratory disease in beef cattle and calves, excluding veal calves

  • must use according to label, no ELDU
49
Q

________ is the only glycopeptide used in vet med

A

Vancomycin

** never used in food animals tho

50
Q

When can glycopeptides be used in vet med?

A
  • Last resort to treat MRSA
  • Resistant staphylococcal infections

** must use vancomycin and never use in food animals

51
Q

What kind of drug are glycopeptides?

A

Antibiotics

52
Q

What kind of drug are cephalosporins?

A

Antibiotics

53
Q

Concerns associated with cephalosporins?

A
  • Prohibited ELDU in food animals
  • Antibiotic resistance
54
Q

Examples of antivirals prohibited for use in poulty?

A
  1. Adamantane
  2. Neuraminidase inhibitors
55
Q

For a generic drug to be approved, what criteria needs to be met?

A
  • Same active ingredient
  • Same concentration
  • Same absorption
56
Q

When can the FDA not interfere in drug regulations?

A

Wild life species

57
Q

What NSAID would you use in a dairy cow with mastitis?

A

Flunixin meglumine

58
Q

A farmer wants to use nitrofurans to treat a topical wound, what do you advise him?

A

Prohibited use in food animals, dont use

** carcinogenic

Sem 3: Pharm (9 decks)

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