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Sem 3: Pharm > Regulated - Controlled Drugs - Forno > Flashcards

Regulated - Controlled Drugs - Forno Flashcards

1
Q

Controlled drugs are regulated by the _______

A

DEA

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2
Q

What class of controlled drug has the highest potential for abuse?

A

Schedule 1 (heroin)

** DVM not allowed to ever prescribe

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3
Q

In general, controlled drugs must:

A
  1. Be stored securely
  2. Record amounts purchased, administered, and dispensed
  3. Biennial inventory
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4
Q

What drugs must be stored in a class V security container?

A
  1. Thiafentanil
  2. Carfentanil
  3. Etorphine hydrochloride
  4. Diprenorphine

** doesnt mean these drugs are schedule 5, just needs class V container

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5
Q

Use of opoids in food producing animals is permitted by __________ if an adequate withdrawal time can be determined

A

AMDUCA

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6
Q

Where can you find information on the withdrawal time of opoids in food producing animals?

A

FARAD

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7
Q

Why can’t Tramadol be found in the Green Book or VetGram?

A

Not currently FDA approved as a veterinary medication

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8
Q

Schedule I drugs in Canada?

A
  • Needs a prescription
  • Provided by pharmacist
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9
Q

Schedule II drugs in Canada?

A
  • Prescription not required
  • only available from pharmacist
  • Requires intervention from pharmacist at point of sale
  • No public access and no patient self selection
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10
Q

Schedule III drugs in Canada?

A
  • Available without prescription
  • May have risks to certain populations in self-selection
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11
Q

What drugs have NO allowable extra label drug use in any food producing animal species? (8)

A

Group 1 Drugs

  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clenbuterol
  3. Diethylstilbesterol (DES)
  4. Fluoroquinolone (Antibiotic)
  5. Glycopeptides- all agents (Vancomycin)
  6. Medicated feeds
  7. Nitroimidazoles- all agents (Metronidazole)
  8. Nitrofurans - all agents
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12
Q

What drugs are prohibited or restricted from ELDU in food producing animals? (6)

A

Group 2 Drugs

  1. Adamantane & Neuraminidase inhibitors
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Gentian Violet
  4. Indexed drugs
  5. Sulfonamide (Antibiotic)
  6. Phenylbutazone
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13
Q

Group III restricted and prohibited drugs in food animals:

A

Drugs with special restrictions for Grade A Dairy operations

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14
Q

Drugs prohibited due to toxic reactions?

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clenbuterol
  3. Phenylbutazone
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15
Q

What kind of drug is chloramphenicol?

A

Antibiotic

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16
Q

What kind of drug is clenbuterol?

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

What kind of drug is phenylbutazone?

A

NSAID

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18
Q

Cancer causing prohibited drugs?

A
  1. Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
  2. Nitrofurans
  3. Nitronimidazoles
  4. Sulfonamides
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19
Q

Drugs prohibited due to antimicrobial resistance?

A
  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Glycopeptides
  3. Cephalosporins
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20
Q

Concerning antiviral drugs in poultry….

A

No antiviral drugs are labeled for use in poultry in the USA at all

  • used in places outside of US to prevent spread of avian influenza
  • could promote drug resistance
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21
Q

What kind of drug is Adamantane?

A

Antiviral drug

  • inhibits viral replication
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22
Q

What kind of drug are neuraminidase inhibitors?

A

Antiviral drug

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23
Q

What is gentian violet?

A

Xenobiotic dye

-increases dietary absorption of methionine and glucose

  • Mold inhibitor

** not approved by FDA, impact of residues on human health has not been studied

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24
Q

Gentian violet is a mold inhibitor used to prevent growth retardation, but it is not approved by the FDA. What is an alternative mold inhibitor that can be used?

A

Propionic acid, other organic acids

25
What kind of drug is dypirone?
NSAID
26
Concerns about Dypirone?
Teratogenic, prolonged bleeding time and agranulocytosis in humans - Can NOT use in food-producing animals or lactating dairy animals
27
When can Dypirone be used?
NSAID that can ONLY be used for injections in horses
28
What drugs are not to be used or stored on dairy operations or fed to lactating diary cattle?
1. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 2. Colloidal Silver
29
Concerns associated with Dimethyl Sulfoxide?
Carcinogenic diseases Cant use or store on dairy operations, cant use in feed to lactating dairy cattle
30
Why can't colloidal silver be used?
- Human consumption can cause argyria- permanent gray/blue discoloration of skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs - Use in pets can endanger the health of the patient by delaying timely appropriate treatment
31
Why is chloramphenicol prohibited in food producing animals?
Causes aplastic anemia in humans - Residues in food animals can be fatal
32
Chloramphenicol can't be used in food producing animals. What other drug can be used that attempts to accomplish the same goal?
1. Thiamphenicol ( not approved in US) 2. Florfenicol - approved for use in pigs and beef cattle
33
When can't Florfenicol be used?
1. Dairy cows > 20 months 2. Veal calves 3. Calves < 1 month old 4. Calves on all milk diet
34
When is Clenbuterol approved for FDA use??
In horses with airway constriction only
35
Concerns associated with Clenbuterol?
- Illegal for use in food producing animals - Residues in food products pose a threat to people, fatal - ZERO TOLERANCE for residues
36
__________ has a zero tolerance for residues in food producing animals
Clenbuterol
37
Concerns associated with Phenylbutazone?
- aplastic anemia in humans - Long half life in ruminant spp - Not covered by AMDUCA - Prohibited use in female dairy cattle > 20 months old
38
Phenylbutazone is an NSAID that can't be used in lactating dairy cattle. What drug can be used in lactating dairy cattle?
Flunixin meglumine ** should only be used IV
39
What is diethylstilbestrol?
Non steroidal estrogen that used to be used to promote growth in food animals *** no longer marketed in the US *** use in food animals is prohibited
40
What kind of drug are nitrofurans?
Antibiotics 1. Nitrofurazone 2. Furazolidone
41
Concerns associated with nitrofurans?
- Carcinogenic effects - Banned from use in food producing spp - Residues found in meat and milk of cows - Members of this drug class in food animals is illegal
42
What kind of drug are nitronimidazoles?
Antibiotics Ex: Metronidazole
43
Concerns associated with Nitromidazoles?
- Linked to mutagenicity and carcinogenicity in cattle - Prohibited use in food animals, illegal
44
Concerns associated with Sulfonamides?
- Carcinogenic - Banned in adult dairy cattle - Discouraged use in shoats bc residues in milk
45
What kind of drug are sulfonamides?
Antibiotic
46
Sulfonamides can't be used in adult dairy cattle. Why? And what is an alternative drug that can be used?
Carcinogenic - You can use sulfadimethoxine according to label, ELDU is prohibited
47
Concerns associated with Fluoroquinolones?
- Antibiotic resistance - Prohibited from ELDU by FDA - Illegal to use enrofloxacin in poultry
48
When can enrofloxacin be used?
To treat respiratory disease in beef cattle and calves, excluding veal calves - must use according to label, no ELDU
49
________ is the only glycopeptide used in vet med
Vancomycin ** never used in food animals tho
50
When can glycopeptides be used in vet med?
- Last resort to treat MRSA - Resistant staphylococcal infections ** must use vancomycin and never use in food animals
51
What kind of drug are glycopeptides?
Antibiotics
52
What kind of drug are cephalosporins?
Antibiotics
53
Concerns associated with cephalosporins?
- Prohibited ELDU in food animals - Antibiotic resistance
54
Examples of antivirals prohibited for use in poulty?
1. Adamantane 2. Neuraminidase inhibitors
55
For a generic drug to be approved, what criteria needs to be met?
- Same active ingredient - Same concentration - Same absorption
56
When can the FDA not interfere in drug regulations?
Wild life species
57
What NSAID would you use in a dairy cow with mastitis?
Flunixin meglumine
58
A farmer wants to use nitrofurans to treat a topical wound, what do you advise him?
Prohibited use in food animals, dont use ** carcinogenic

Sem 3: Pharm (9 decks)

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