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Sem 3: Pharm > Block 1 - Bucknoff > Flashcards

Block 1 - Bucknoff Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages of IV administration?

A
  1. Acts quick
  2. Does not irritate tissue
  3. Can admin over time
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2
Q

What are the disadvantages of IV admin?

A
  1. Complication risks
  2. Phlebitis
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3
Q

What are the advantages of itraosseous admin?

A
  1. As efficient as IV
  2. Acts quick
  3. Can use in small patients
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of itraosseous admin?

A
  1. Short term use only
  2. Some drugs cant be given this way
  3. Painful
  4. Risk of injury/fracture in young*
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5
Q

What are the advantages to inhalation?

A
  1. Acts quick
  2. Eliminated via exhalation
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6
Q

What are the disadvantages to inhalation?

A
  1. Irritating
  2. Not well tolerated
  3. Depressant
  4. Has to be constantly monitored (anesthesia)
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7
Q

What are the advantages to SQ admin?

A
  1. Slow but constant absorption
  2. Long lasting effect
  3. Owner can give at home
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages to to SQ admin?

A
  1. Slow effect - not ideal for emergencies
  2. Can be irritating
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9
Q

What are the advantages to IM admin?

A
  1. Absorbed quickly
  2. Longer lasting effect than IV
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10
Q

What are the disadvantages to IM admin?

A
  1. Painful
  2. Potential tissue damage
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11
Q

Which route of administration acts the slowest?

A

Transdermal

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12
Q

What act grants the FDA the authority to regulate and monitor compounded drugs?

A

Title 1 of the Drug Quality and Security Act of 2013

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13
Q

What regulations surround compounding medication?

A
  1. Not allowed to compound unless there’s a shortage
  2. Must have vet/client/patient relationship
  3. Must be safe/effective
  4. Allowed if no other drug meets patients needs
  5. CANT COMPOUND IN BULK
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14
Q

What schedule of controlled substances has to be filled out by a written prescription only and allows NO REFILLS?

A

Schedule 2 controlled drugs

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15
Q

Who regulates controlled drugs?

A

DEA - established by the controlled substance act of 1970

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16
Q

Who regulates prescription drugs?

A

CVM - center of veterinary medicine

WITHIN THE FDA - FDA is also within the USDA

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17
Q

All FDA approved animal drugs have a ________ number

A

NADA

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18
Q

What are biologics?

A

Vaccines, diagnostic kits, bacterins

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19
Q

Who manages biologics?

20
Q

________ allows us to reference info regarding withdrawal times in food animals

21
Q

What act allows veterinarians to prescribe off-label drugs?

A

AMDUCA - Animal medicinal drug use clarification act

22
Q

What animals are veterinarians not able to use extra label drugs?

A

Food animals

23
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

study of interaction of drugs within living systems

24
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

** what the animal does to the drug

ADME
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

describes the disposition or movement of drugs within the body

25
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

***What the drug does to the animal

  • Describes the mechanism of action (MOA)
26
Q

What is a drug according to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?

A
  1. Recognized in an official pharmacopoeia
  2. Intended for use in DIAGNOSTICS, CURE, MITIGATION, TREATMENT, or PREVENTION of disease
  3. A substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body
  4. Substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but NOT a device
27
Q

Are vaccines considered a “drug”?

A

Yes! It prevents disease

28
Q

The lower the controlled drug class, the ________ is the potential of abuse

A

HIGHER

Class 1 - highest for abuse (Ex: Heroin)
Class 5- lowest for abuse

29
Q

True or False: The drug enforcement agency (DEA) regulates controlled drugs

30
Q

True or False: Class III has a higher abuse potential than a Class II controlled drug

A

FALSE

Class II - Higher potential for abuse

31
Q

Where can you go to find info about drug withdrawal times in food animals?

32
Q

Define DOSE:

A

Amt of drug given to achieve a certain effect

33
Q

Define DOSAGE:

A

Amt of drug per unit of body weight

Ex: mg/kg mL/kg

34
Q

Define Concentration:

A

Amt of drug per unit of volume from the stock supply of medication

Ex: for solid drugs 100mg tablet
Ex: for liquid drug 10mg/mL bottle

35
Q

The National Drug Code (NDC) is required on prescription medication. What agency assigns this 10-digit number?

A

DEA assigns NDC number

36
Q

The New Animal Drug Application (NADA) number is assigned by which agency?

A

FDA assigns NADA number following drug approval

37
Q

What are systemic routes of administration?

A
  1. Enteral - Per OS (PO, orally) or via feeding tube
    ** Into the GI tract
  2. Parenteral - anything else outside of GI tract
    Ex: IM, IV, SQ, etc
38
Q

What is OTM?

A

Oral transmucosal - placed within oral cavity

Sublingual or buccal

39
Q

What dose dose interval “STAT” mean?

A

Start/Give Immediately

40
Q

What does PRN mean?

A

Give as needed

41
Q

What does QOD mean?

A

Give every other day

Same as q48hrs/ q2d / EOD

42
Q

What are the advantages of enteral route administration?

A
  1. Convenient - can give @ home
  2. Potential to decontaminate if needed (Ex: induce vomiting)
  3. Feeding tubes useful in non-compliant or if multiple meds needed to be given
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of enteral route administration?

A
  1. Slow onset of action
  2. Food/ other drugs can affect absorption
  3. Inactivation by pH/enzymes
  4. GI upset
  5. Palatability
  6. Patient + Owner compliance
44
Q

Which of the following route of admin will have the fastest onset of action?
A. IM
B. Inhalation
C. PO
D. Transmucosal

A

B. Inhalation

45
Q

How would you write the order for 2 tablets of a drug to be given 4 times per day on a treatment sheet?

A

Administer 2 tabs PO QID

or

Admin 2 tabs PO Q6h

Sem 3: Pharm (9 decks)

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