Principles of Research - FORNO Flashcards
High-quality vet services can be given by integrating:
- Best research evidence
- Clinical expertise
- Client perspectives
- Legislation of the area of practice
= allows to make the best clinical decisions
5 A’s involved in EBVM?
- Ask
- Acquire
- Appraise
- Apply
- Assess
What is a study type determined by?
- Nature of the question
- Goal of research
- Availability of resources
Which of the following is the most reliable study type?
A. Blinded study
B. Non blinded study
C. Double blinded study
D. Triple blinded study
D. triple blinded study
What is a scoping review?
- maps the body of literature on a topic area and sums up the best available research on a specific topic
- provides overview of available research
What is a systematic review?
A systematic review attempts to summarize empirical evidence from a relatively smaller number of studies pertaining to a focused research question
- Methods used to search literature, assess the quality, and make conclusions are stated in the methods section so people can replicate or add to the study
- Relevant to a research question
What is a meta-analysis?
Quantitative statistical process of analyzing and COMBINING results from several studies
- Statistical analysis to analyze evidences from studies
What is a case control study?
Observational, retrospective study that compares 2 groups: ones with the disease and ones without the disease
Which study is ideal for researching rare conditions or diseases?
Case control study
What is a cohort study?
Observational, longitudinal, and usually prospective study that observes the causes of disease and investigates the relationship between risk factors and health outcomes
** exposed and unexposed groups followed over a period of time
Examples of descriptive studies?
- Case reports
- Case series
- Cross sectional surveys
What is an observational study?
observes info without intervention, exposure is naturally decided
For exposure to determine the outcome, the exposure must occur prior to outcome, not during or after
intervention vs exposure?
Intervention (experimental) is when the researcher assigns participants to receive a certain treatment
Exposure (Observational) is when the causative variable is naturally determined
What makes a study type analytical?
- Attempts to test hypothesis
- Assesses the effect of exposure or intervention on an outcome
- Can be observational or interventional
The article reads: Antiparasitic drugs and their efficacies in dogs for parasitic treatment. What kind of study is this?
Experimental, Analytical
Is a blinded study experimental or observational?
Experimental
What is a prospective study?
Follows cohort over a period of time to determine outcome
Outcome has not occurred when study is started
What is a prospective interventional study?
When the investigator determines the exposure and follows them over time to observe outcomes
What is a retrospective study?
- Outcome has already occurred
- No follow up of cohort
- Consults data from the past
What is a cross sectional study?
- Observational study
- 1 point in time
- Measures outcome and the exposures in study patients at the same time
What is a longitudinal study?
- Observational study
- Repeated observations over time, continuous or repeated measures
- individuals followed over prolonged periods of time
______ study can be descriptive or analytical
Cross sectional study
What is a randomized controlled trial?
- Prospective
- Experimental
- Treatment vs control group
- Used to assess a treatment or intervention
What is a cohort study?
- Prospective
- Observational
- Exposed and unexposed groups followed over a period of time
What is a case controlled study?
- Observational
- Retrospective
- Animals with and without the disease of interest
- Examines history to identify risk factors for the disease
What is a cross sectional study?
Studies a population at a single point in time to determine prevalence of diseases
What is a case study?
Describes the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of a group of animals with the same disease
- No disease free case series for comparison
Indications for systematic reviews?
- Uncover international evidence
- Confirm current practice / identify new practices
- Identify areas for future research
- Investigate conflicting results
- Produce statements to guide decision making
Indications for scoping reviews?
- Precursor to systematic review
- Analyze knowledge gaps
- Identify available evidence in a given field
- Clarify key concepts
- Examine how research is conducted on a certain topic
- Identify key characteristics related to a concept
What is critically appraised literature?
Shorter, less rigorous than systematic review
Relevant to a focused question
When is expert opinion useful?
To provide some evidence where no info is available
Ex: new treatment efficacy to a new population (Elephants, zebras)
