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summer cards > Regions and directional terminology. > Flashcards

Regions and directional terminology. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major parts of the body?

A

Head
Neck
Trunk - chest, abdomen and pelvis.

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2
Q

How are the upper and lower limbs determined?

A

Upper limbs attach to the superior part of the trunk

Lower limbs attach to the inferior part of the trunk.

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3
Q

Superior/ cranal movement

A

Moving towards the head

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4
Q

Inferior / caudal movement

A

Move towards the feet

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5
Q

Anterior / ventral movement

A

Moving forwards.

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6
Q

Posterior / dorsal movement

A

Moving backwards

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7
Q

Medial

A

closer to the midline

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Further away from the midline.

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the attachment to the trunk.

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10
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the attachment to the trunk.

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11
Q

superficial

A

closer to the body surface

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12
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the inside centre of the body.

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13
Q

Bilalteral

A

Located on both sides of the body

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14
Q

Unilateral

A

Located on one side of the plane.

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15
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of a plane to something else.

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16
Q

The upper limb

A

consists of the shoulder, arm, elbow joint, forearm and hand.

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17
Q

The lower limb

A

Consists of the buttock, thigh, knee joint, leg, ankle and foot.

18
Q

What type of movement occurs along the sagittal plane?

A

Extension, hypertension and flexion

19
Q

What type of movement is a flexion?

A

Decreases the angle between a proximal and distal body part.

Occurs in the sagittal plane

20
Q

What type of movement is an extension?

A

Increases the angle between a proximal and distal body part.

21
Q

What type of movement is a hypertension?

A

A movement outside the normal degree of flexibility, often results in injury.

22
Q

What type of movement occurs in the frontal plane?

A

Abduction
Adduction A D duction
inversion
eversion

23
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline.

Occurs in the frontal plane

24
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Movement towards the midline.

Occurs in the frontal plane

25
Q

How can the plane of movement be determined?

A

Movement is parallel to the plane it is in.

26
Q

Shoulder flexion and extension

A

Shoulder flexion is arms up straight

Should extension is arms down by the side.

27
Q

Hip flexion v extension

A

Hip flexion is moving the leg anteriorly

Hip extension is moving the leg posterior.

28
Q

What movements occur in the transverse plane?

A

Medial rotation
Lateral rotation.
Supination
Pronation

29
Q

Key points of medial rotation

A

Only occurs in ball and socket joints such as hips and shoulders.
Rotates the whole limb towards the midline.

30
Q

Key points of lateral rotation

A

Only occurs in ball and socket joints

Rotates the whole limb laterally (away from the midline).

31
Q

What is supination?

A

Rotates the forearm/hand or foot away from the midline along the transverse plane.
Centre of rotation looks like the elbow in the forearm.

32
Q

What is pronation?

A

Rotates the forearm/hand or foot inwards towards the midline in the transverse plane.

33
Q

What is the difference between supination/pronation in the forearm compared to the foot?

A

The degree of rotation in the foot is much smaller.

34
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Takes place at joints that are able to move in two planes often sagittal and frontal to create a circular motion.

35
Q

What joints does circumduction occur?

A 
Shoulder
Hip 
Wrist
metacarpophalangeal 
metatarsophalangeal joints.
36
Q

What is dorsifelxion?

A

Occurs in the ankle joint.
Named after the dorsal part of the foot (the top part)
Points the toe superiorly towards the dorsal.
SImilar to flexion as reduces the angle between the proximal and distal part of the foot.

37
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Occurs in the ankle joints.

Moves the foot so it points inferiorly towards the sole.

38
Q

What is inversion?

A

Rotates the sole of the foot towards the medline.

39
Q

What is eversion?

A

Rotates the sole of the foot away from the midline.

40
Q

What is ipsilateral?

A

Located on the same side of a plane (comparative).

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