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summer cards > Bones overview. > Flashcards

Bones overview. Flashcards

1
Q

What is an articular surface?

A

A bone marking
A smooth area typically covered by hyaline cartilage where a bone articulates to another bone.

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2
Q

What is a condyle?

A

A bone marking
A large rounded protuberance articular surface found at the end of the bone.

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3
Q

What is an epicondyle?

A

A bone marking
Found just superior of the condyle, used as an attachment site for ligands and tendons.

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4
Q

What is a fossa?

A

A type of bone marking
A shallow depression in the bone.

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5
Q

What is a foramem?

A

A type of bone marking
A hole or opening in the bone

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6
Q

What is a notch?

A

A type of bone marking
An angular indentation at the edge of a bone.

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7
Q

What is a process?

A

A type of bone marking.
A pointed projection from the bone.

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8
Q

What is a spine?

A

A type of bone marking.
A long, thin and pointed projection from the bone.

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9
Q

What is a tubucule?

A

A type of bone marking.
A small rounded and raised bump on the surface of a bone.

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10
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

A type of bone marking.
Larger than a tubucule, raised bump with a roughened surface.

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11
Q

What are the different groups for classifying bones?

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones.

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12
Q

What are the key characteristics of long bones?
Example?

A

Longer than they are wide.
Humerus.

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13
Q

What are the key features of short bones?
Example?

A

Cuboid in shape, as wide as they are long
Tarsals.

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14
Q

What are some key features of flat bones?
Examples

A

Broad and flat in appearance.
Protective function
Skull and Ribs.

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15
Q

What are some key features of sesamoid bones?

A

Found inside tendons.
Often small and unnamed
Named example = patella (knee cap).

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16
Q

What are some key features of irregular bones?

A

Do not fit into any other bone classification category.
Vertebrae.

17
Q

Name the type of bone shown below.

A

Long bone.

18
Q

Name and describe region one

A

Epiphysis - the bulbous end of the bone above the epiphyseal line.

19
Q

Name and describe region 2.

A

The metaphysics : connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis, bone starts to widen.

20
Q

Name and describe region 3

A

The diaphysis = the long thinner connecting middle section of the bone.

21
Q

How many bones does the average adult human have?

A

206.

22
Q

What percentage of the bodies calcium is stored in bones?

A

99%

23
Q

What is the anatomical terminology for a joint?

A

Articulation.

24
Q

What are the features of a fibrous joint?

A

Articulation is held together by fibrous connective tissue.

Limited movement, almost none.

E.g in the skull

25
Q

What are the features of cartilagenous articulations?

A

restricted movement compared to synovial articulations.

Flexible movement compared to synovial articulations.

26
Q

What are the features of synovial articulations?

A

The joint surface is covered in smooth hyaline cartilage and synovial fluid.

This largely reduces frictional forces to create more flexible joints.

27
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

The join bones together.

28
Q

What is the function of tendons?

A

To attach bones to muscle.

Mechanical force is transferred from the bone to the muscle via tendons causing the bones to move.

29
Q

Are bones cells, tissues or organs.

A

Organs.

30
Q

What is the bone matrix?

A

A component of bones.

Contains collagen fibres reinforced by calcium.

31
Q

Why is collogen important in bones?

A

Collagen protein is elastic so gives flexibility making bones less likely to fracture.

32
Q

What is hydroxyapatite?

A

A type of calcium phosphate found in the bone matrix that gives bones strength and rigidity.

33
Q

What is the function of osteoclast cells?

A

To reabsorb old bone.

34
Q

What is the function of osteoblast cells?

A

The formation of new bone.

35
Q

What is the function of osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells that help regulate the balance of bone formation and bone absorption.

36
Q

What is bone resorption?

A

The removal of old bone.

37
Q

What is bone ossification?

A

The formation of new bone.

38
Q

What is cortical / compact bone?

A

The outer surface of bone.

Is more dense, strong and rigid.

39
Q

What is spongy / trabecular bone?

A

Found on the inside of bone.

Is less dense, has a high surface area.

Is flexible and site of manufacture of red blood cells.

summer cards (5 decks)

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