Blood

Question 1

What substances are transported in the blood?

Answer 1

Oxygen/ carbon dioxide
Hormones
Products of digestion
Metabolic wastes
Immune cells
"heat" hormone regulated between surface and internal organs with rate of blood flow.

Question 2

What is blood classified as?

Answer 2

Connective tissue.

Question 3

What are the major components of blood?

Answer 3

45% formed elements

55% plasma

Question 4

What are the different formed elements in blood?

Answer 4

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets.

Question 5

What is plasma made of?

Answer 5

92% water
Plasma protein
Respiratory gases, salt ions, urea, amino acids and glucose.

Question 6

What are the different types of plasma protein?

Answer 6

Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Fibrinogen.

Question 7

What is albumin?

Answer 7

The smallest and most abundant plasma protein.

Helps maintain osmotic pressure to draw water into the blood by osmosis.

Question 8

What is immunoglobulin?

Answer 8

Plasma protein
Also called antibodies.
Produced by white blood cells to respond to specific antigens.

Question 9

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 9

A plasma protein.

Is converted to fibrin to create a mesh to trap red blood cells triggering blood clot formation.

Question 10

What is the more scientific term for red blood cells?

Answer 10

erythrocytes.

Question 11

What percentage of a humans cells are red blood cells?

Answer 11

Roughly 25%.

Question 12

How many litres of blood does an adult human have?

Answer 12

five.

Question 13

How are red blood cells specialised to their function?

Answer 13

During differentiation they change their ultrastructure to remove all organelles including nuclei, so are mainly made up of haemoglobin.

Question 14

What colour is oxygenated blood?

Answer 14

Bright red.

Question 15

What colour is deoxygenated blood?

Answer 15

A dark red.

Question 16

What is haemoglobin called when it is associated with A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide?

Answer 16

A) oxyhaemoglobin

B) carboxyhaemoglobin

Question 17

What is the rough lifespan of a red blood cell?

Answer 17

four months.

Question 18

How are red blood cells destroyed?

Answer 18

They are destroyed by phagocytes in the liver or spleen.

Question 19

What happens to haemoglobin when red blood cells are destoyed?

Answer 19

The iron ion is stored in the liver or used in the bone marrow to create new haemoglobin.
The rest of the heme group is converted to bilirubin.
Bilirubin is then converted to bile in the liver to aid the digestion of fats.

Question 20

How is the composition of blood regulated?

Answer 20

Cells are made at random in the bone marrow.

Some cells undergo apoptosis in the bone marrow so are never released into the blood stream.

Question 21

What is the scientific term for platelets?

Answer 21

Thrombocytes.

Question 22

What are some key points about platelets?

Answer 22

Have a ten day life span.
Begin the blood clotting process.
Are formed when megakoryocytes in red bone marrow break down into fragments.

Question 23

What is the scientific terminology for white blood cells?

Answer 23

Leukocytes.

Question 24

What is the process that forms blood called?

Answer 24

Hematopoiesis.

Question 25

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 25

In children it occurs in the red bone marrow of long bones such as the tibea.
In adults it occurs in the red bone marrow of the pelvis, cranium, vertebrae and sternum.

Question 26

Give the name of a haematopoietic stem cell?

Answer 26

Hemocytoblast.

Question 27

What are the two line of differentiation that a hemocytoblast can take?

Answer 27

Lymphoid line.

Myeloid line.

Question 28

What type of blood cells develop from the lymphoid line?

Answer 28

Lymphocytes.

Question 29

What type of blood cellls develop from the myeloid line?

Answer 29

erthrocytes (rbc)
Megakoryocytes
Leukocytes.