Regional Study Guide (super duper in depth) Flashcards
Who was considered the founder of latin literature?
Livius Andronicus
Where was Livius Andronicus born?
Tarentum
When was Livius Andronicus born?
c. 284 B.C.
How did Livius Andronicus come to Rome?
He was brought to Rome as a slave
Who translated Homer’s the Odyssey into Latin?
Livius Andronicus
Into what verse did Homer translate the Odyssey?
Saturnian verse
Who wrote the fabulae palliatae?
Livius Andronicus
What were the fabulae palliatae?
Latin comedies from Greek originals
Who was the first native Roman writer of note?
Gnaeus Naevius
When was Gnaeus Naevius born?
c. 270 BC
Who wrote the Bellum Punicum?
Gnaeus Naevius
What was the Bellum Punicum?
an epic poem on the First Punic War
In what verse is the Bellum Punicum?
Saturnian
Who invented fabulae praetextae?
Gnaeus Naevius
What were fabulae praetextae?
dramas based on Roman subjects named for the garment
Who wrote fabulae palliatae?
Gnaeus Naevius
What is Ennius’s full name?
Quintus Ennius
What kind of writer was Ennius?
a writer of plays and poems
Where was Ennius born?
Rudiae in Calabria
When was Ennius born?
239 BC
Who was said to have three hearts?
Ennius
Why was it said that Ennius had three hearts?
He spoke three languages
What languages did Ennius speak?
Latin, Oscan, and Greek
Out of Livius Andronicus, Naevius, and Ennius, who was revered the most by later writers?
Ennius
Who wrote the Annales?
Ennius (it’s his most important work)
How long is Annales?
18 books
What verse is Annales?
dactylic hexameter
What was Annales about?
Rome’s story from the fall of Troy to Ennius’s time
Who was the first writer to adapt Greek hexameter verse into Latin?
Ennius
What is Plautus’s full name?
Titus Maccus (Maccius) Plautus
What kind of writer was Plautus?
a comic playwright
When was Plautus born?
c. 255 BC
How many plays did Plautus write?
130
How many of Plautus’s plays are fully extant?
20
From which of Plautus’s plays does a large fragment remain?
Vidularia
From where does Plautus derive his plays?
Greece
Who wrote Amphitryon?
Plautus
What is Amphitryon about?
Jupiter’s love for Alcmena, the wife of Amphitryon
Who wrote Aulularia?
Plautus
What does Aulularia mean?
The Pot of Gold
Who wrote Captivi?
Plautus
What does Captivi mean?
The Captives
What is Captivi about?
a man Hegio searching for his lost sons
Which of Plautus’s plays has no female characters?
Captivi
Who wrote Epidicus?
Plautus
What was Plautus’s favorite play?
Epidicus
Who wrote Menaechmi?
Plautus
What does Menaechmi mean?
The Twin Menaechmi
What is one of Plautus’s most successful comedies?
Menaechmi
What is Menaechmi about?
two separated brothers discover each other and are reunited in Syracuse, the city of their births
Which of Plautus’s plays is the model for Shakespeare’s “A Comedy of Errors”?
Menaechmi
Who wrote Miles Gloriosus?
Plautus
What does Miles Gloriosus mean?
The Braggart Soldier
Who wrote Mostellaria?
Plautus
What does Mostellaria mean?
The Haunted House
Who wrote Poenulus?
Plautus
What does Poenulus mean?
The Carthaginian
Which of Plautus’s plays contains the only extant passage of Carthaginian language?
Poenulus
What is Poenulus about?
Hanno prevents his daughters from being sold into prostitution
Who wrote Pseudolus?
Plautus
What is Pseudolus about?
a title character who helps his master obtain enough money to free a courtesan named Phoenicium from Simo the procurer and a Macedonian officer who almost buys her
Who wrote Rudens?
Plautus
What does Rudens mean?
Rope
What is the full name of Cato the Elder?
Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder
What office did Cato the Elder hold?
Censor
Where was Cato the Elder born?
Tusculum
When was Cato the Elder born?
234 BC
In which war did Cato the Elder fight?
the Second Punic War
What did Cato the Elder end all his speeches with and what does it mean?
Carthago delenda est, Carthage must be destroyed
When did Cato the Elder die?
149 BC
Who was Rome’s first prose writer?
Cato the Elder
Who was the first person to write Roman history in Latin?
Cato the Elder
Who wrote Origines?
Cato the Elder
How many books are in Origines?
7 (all are lost)
What is Origines about?
the beginnings of Italian civilization and early Roman history
Who wrote De Agri Cultura?
Cato the Elder
What is De Agri Cultura also called?
De Re Rustica
What is De Agri Cultura about?
it’s a handbook on agriculture
According to De Agri Cultura, what is an excellent and versatile crop?
Cabbage
What is the first surviving Latin prose work?
De Agri Cultura
What was the first history written in Latin?
Origines
What was the only name mentioned in Orgines?
hannibal’s elephant that survived crossing the alps
What is Terence’s full name?
Publius Terentius Afer
What kind of writer was Terence?
a comic playwright
Where was Terence born?
Carthage
When was Terence born?
c. 195 BC
How did Terence get to Rome?
He was taken there as a slave
Who took Terence to Rome, educated and eventually freed him?
Terentius Lucanus
From whom did Terence get his name?
Terentius Lucanus
With whom did Terence become friends?
Scipio Aemilianus
How many plays did Terence write?
6 (all extant)
Where did Terence die?
on a trip to Greece
When did Terence die?
159 BC
Where are Terence’s plays set?
in Athens
Who wrote Andria?
Terence
What does Andria mean?
The Woman of Andros
Who wrote Hecyra?
Terence
What does Hecyra mean?
The Mother-In-Law
Who wrote Heauton Timorumenos?
Terence
What does Heauton Timorumenos mean?
The Self-Tormentor
Who wrote Eunuchus?
Terence
What does Eunuchus mean?
The Eunuch
Who wrote Phormio?
Terence
Who wrote Adelphi?
Terence
What does Adelphi mean?
The Brothers
What is Lucretius’s full name?
Titus Lucretius Carus
What kind of writer was Lucretius?
a poet
When was Lucretius born?
99 BC
Where was Lucretius born?
Rome
What philosophy did Lucretius follow?
Epicurean
According to St. Jerome, how did Lucretius die?
he took a love potion that made him insane and committed suicide
In what year did Lucretius die, and how old was he?
55 BC, he was 44 years old
What is Lucretius’s only surviving work?
De Rerum Natura
What does De Rerum Natura mean?
On the Nature of Things
What is De Rerum Natura?
an unfinished didactic epic poem
To whom is De Rerum Natura adressed?
Lucretius’s friend Gaius Memmius
Who was Gaius Memmius?
governor of Bithynia
How long is De Rerun Natura?
six books long
What is Cicero’s full name?
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Who was Cicero? (besides an orator)
a Roman statesmen
Who is the greatest Latin orator?
Cicero
Where was Cicero born?
Arpinum
When was Cicero born?
106 BC
How many extant orations does Cicero have?
58
How many non-extant orations did Cicero write?
48
What does Cicero’s name mean?
Chickpea
What is Cicero’s earliest extant speech?
Pro Quinctio
When was Pro Quinctio delivered?
81 BC
On whose behalf is Pro Quinctio?
Publius Quinctius
What is in dispute in the Pro Quinctio?
Gallic land
Who did Cicero argue against in the Pro Quinctio?
Hortensius, a famous orator
What is Cicero’s first political speech?
Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino
When did Cicero deliver Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino?
80 BC
Who did Cicero defend in Pro Sexto Rosico Amerino?
Sextus Roscius
What had Sextus Roscius been accused of when Cicero defended him?
patricide
When did Cicero serve as consul?
63 BC
Whose conspiracy did Cicero expose in 63 BC?
Catiline’s
How many speeches did Cicero give against Catiline?
four
When was In Catilinam I delivered?
November 8th
When was In Catilinam II delivered?
November 9th, one day after In Catilinam I
What did Catiline do because of In Catilinam I?
he was forced to leave Rome for Faesulae
What did In Catilinam II accomplish?
it convinced the senate to name Catiline a public enemy
When was In Catilinam III delivered?
December 3rd
What did In Catilinam III explain?
how Cicero got evidence against Catiline
When was In Catilinam IV delivered?
December 5th
What did In Catilinam IV accomplish?
it convinced the senate to execute Catiline’s co-conspirators
Whose praise did Cicero get by defeating Catiline?
the optimates (the highest class)
What did Cato the Younger call Cicero?
father of his country
Whose death in 45 BC affected Cicero greatly?
his daughter’s, Tullia
What caused Cicero to divorce his new wife?
her lack of compassion
Who did Cicero vigorously oppose after Caesar’s death in 44 BC?
Mark Antony
Who wrote Philippics?
Cicero
How many Philippics are there?
14
What are Philippics named after?
Demosthenes’s speeches against Philip of Macedon
Who are Philippics written in opposition of?
Mark Antony
What did the last Philippic suggest?
public celebration of Antony’s defeat at Mutina
How did Cicero die?
Antony and Octavian reconciled and executed him
When did Cicero die?
December 43 BC
Where did Cicero die?
Formiae
Who wrote De Re Publica?
Cicero
How long is De Re Publica?
six books
What is De Re Publica about?
political philosophy
When was De Re Publica begun?
54 BC
When was De Re Publica published?
51 BC, three years after it was begun
Which book of De Re Publica was the only known one until the others were discovered?
Somnium Scipionis (the sixth book)
Who wrote De Natura Deorum?
Cicero
What does De Re Natura do?
give Epicurean, Stoic, and Academic conceptions of the gods
What were sequels to De Re Natura?
De Divinatione and De Fato
Who wrote De Senectute?
Cicero
What does De Senectute mean?
On Old Age
What was another name for De Senectute?
Cato Major
Who was the main speaker of De Senectute?
Cato
What did people think of Cicero’s poetry?
it was respected in his own time, but later declined in reputation
Besides his speeches, political and philosophical writings, what did Cicero write?
letters and poetry
What is Sallust’s full name?
Gaius Sallustius Crispus
What kind of writer was Sallust?
a historian
When was Sallust born?
86 BC
When did Sallust write his works?
in his retirement
Who wrote Bellum Catilinae?
Sallust
What was Bellum Catilinae?
a monograph discussing Catiline’s conspriacy
What was Bellum Catilinae critical of?
aristocracy, but more critical of Catiline
Who wrote Bellum Jugurthinum?
Sallust
What does Bellum Jugurthinum do?
praise Marius in his war against Numidia’s King Jugurtha
Who wrote Historiae?
Sallust
What was Historiae?
a fragmentary work covering 78-67 BC
When did Sallust die?
35 BC
What is Catullus’s full name?
Gaius Valerius Catullus
What kind of writer was Catullus?
a lyric poet
Where was Catullus born?
Verona
When was Catullus born?
c. 84 BC
How old was Catullus when he went to Rome?
22
Who was Catullus’s father a friend of?
Caesar
Who did Catullus attack in a poem and later apologize to?
Caesar
Who was Catullus in love with?
Clodia
Who was Clodia the wife of?
Q. Caecilius Metellus
Who was Clodia the sister of?
Clodius (maybe)
What does Catullus call Clodia in his poems?
Lesbia
What was Catullus’s relationship with Lesbia?
at first she returned his love, but then she became unfaithful and rejected him
What did Catullus do when Lesbia rejected him?
return to Verona
What did Catullus discover when he returned from Verona to Rome?
Clodia had already taken a new lover
Where did Catullus go in 57 BC?
Bithynia
Why did Catullus go to Bithynia?
he went as a staff member of the governor Gaius Memmius
What did Catullus visit near Troy?
his brother’s grave
What did Catullus write after visiting his brother’s grave?
poem 101 (an effigy)
When did Catullus die and how old was he?
54 BC, 30 years okd
Where did Catullus die?
Rome
What are the two most common meters of Catullus?
Hendecasyllabics and elegiac couplet
What is Caesar’s full name?
Gaius Julius Caesar
Who was Caesar?
a famous military, political leader and a leading lawyer
Where was Caesar born?
Rome
When was Caesar born?
102 BC
Who was regarded as Cicero’s (almost) equal in oration?
Caesar
What style did Caesar follow?
the Attic
What did Caesar write about his conquest of Gaul?
Commentarii de Bello Gallico
What does Commentarii de Bello Gallico mean?
Commentaries on the Gallic Wars
How long is Commentarii de Bello Gallico?
7 books
How are the books of Commentarii de Bello Gallico divided?
one book for each year from 58 to 52 BC
Who wrote the eighth Commentarii de Bello Gallico book?
Hirtius
Who wrote Commentarii de Bello Civili?
Caesar
What does Commentarii de Bello Civili mean?
Commentaries on the Civil War
How many books are in Commentarii de Bello Civili?
Caesar only finished 3 books
What is Vergil’s full name?
Publius Vergilius Maro
What kind of writer was Vergil?
a poet
Where was Vergil born?
Andes (near Mantua)
When was Vergil born?
70 BC
Where is Vergil said to have started his Eclogues?
Mantua
When is Vergil said to have started his Eclogues?
43 BC
When did Vergil lose his farm?
after Philippi (but he later got it back)
Who was Vergil’s patron?
Maecenas
Who introduced Vergil to Octavian?
Maecenas
Who became Vergil’s greatest promoter?
Octavian
Who wrote the Eclogues?
Vergil
When were the Eclogues published?
37 BC
Who wrote the Georgics?
Vergil
How long did Vergil spend on the Georgics?
7 years
When were the Georgics published?
29 BC
What was Vergil doing for the last 10 years of his life?
working on the Aeneid
How did Vergil die?
fever
Where did Vergil die?
Brundisium
When did Vergil die?
19 BC
Where was Vergil buried?
Naples
Who did Vergil ask to burn the Aeneid?
Varius and Tucca
What did Varius and Tucca do instead of burning the Aeneid?
edited it, deleting some extraneous parts but adding nothing
Who ordered Varius and Tucca to edit the Aeneid?
Augustus
What type of writing is the Eclogues?
a collection of pastoral poems
How many poems are in the Eclogues?
10
What meter is the Eclogues?
dactylic hexameter
What else is the Eclogues called?
Bucolics
What style of writing is the Georgics?
poem
How many books are in the Georgics?
four
What meter is the Georgics?
dactylic hexameter
Who suggested the Georgics?
Maecenas
What did the Georgics promote?
Octavian’s program of moving people from the cities to farms
Who wrote De Architectura?
Vitruvius
Who was De Architectura dedicated to?
Augustus
What is Horace’s full name?
Quintus Horatius Flaccus
What kind of writer was Horace?
a poet
Where was Horace born?
Venusia
When was Horace born?
65 BC
Who did Vergil introduce Horace to?
Maecenas
What did Maecenas give Horace?
a Sabine farm
When did Horace publish his first book of satires?
35 BC
When did Horace publish his second book of satire?
30 BC
When did Horace publish the Epodes?
30 BC
How many books of Odes did Horace publish?
3
When did Horace publish the first three books of Odes?
between 33 and 23 BC
When did Horace publish his first book of epistles?
20 BC
Who wrote the Carmen Saeculare?
Horace
When did Horace publish the Carmen Saeculare?
17 BC
When did Horace publish his fourth book of Odes?
15 BC
When did Horace publish his second book of epistles?
15 BC
Who wrote the Ars Poetica?
Horace
When was the Ars Poetica published?
15 BC
When did Horace die?
8 BC
Who wrote Saturae?
Horace
What does Saturae mean?
Sermons
Who does Saturae show influence from?
Lucilius
What are some examples of subjects covered in Saturae?
superiority of country over city life, false virtues, friendship, and character sketches
What is Livy’s full name?
Titus Livius
What type of writer was Livy?
a historian
Where was Livy born?
Patavium (Padua)
When was Livy born?
59 BC
What is Livy’s greatest work?
Ab Urbe Condita
What does Ab Urbe Condita mean?
From the Founding of the City
When did Ab Urbe Condita start being written?
29 BC
When did Livy die?
19 BC
How long is Ab Urbe Condita?
142 books (but much is lost)
How many books of Ab Urbe Condita remain?
21 (or 35?)
What form of Ab Urbe Condita exists for the entire work?
Periochae
What does Periochae mean?
Abstracts
What books are all that remain of Livy’s original work?
I-X, XXI-XL, and parts of XLI-XLV
Which book of Ab Urbe Condita is the only book to discuss the monarchy?
the first book
When does the history end in Ab Urbe Condita?
with the death of Drusus in 9 BC
How is Livy’s work regarded?
it glorifies Rome, but it is an accurate historical source
What is Propertius’s full name?
Sextus Propertius
What kind of writer was Propertius?
a poet
Where was Propertius born?
Assisium
When was Propertius born?
c 50 BC
What did Propertius call the woman he loved in his poems?
Cynthia
What was probably the real name of the woman Propertius loved?
Hostia
What was the profession of Hostia?
a courtesan
How many books of elegies did Propertius write?
4
When was Propertius’s first book of elegies published?
28 BC
When was Propertius’s last book of elegies published?
16 BC
Who was Propertius’s primary patron?
Maecenas
What were Propertius’s elegies mostly about?
his love for Cynthia
How does Propertius’s love progress throughout the Elegies?
he goes from initial happiness in his love, to greater and greater despair from her unfaithfulness
How does Propertius’s relationship with Cynthia end?
he breaks off the relationship and expresses his shame at how blinded he was by love
What does Propertius say about Cynthia after ending the relationship?
he will not be moved by her tears
Which book of the Elegies contains a poem about Cynthia’s death?
Book IV
What are some subjects covered in Book IV of Propertius’s Elegies?
Rome and its past heroes, and fidelity
What is Tibullus’ full name?
Albius Tibullus
What type of writer was Tibullus?
a poet
When was Tibullus born?
c 48 BC
To whose circle did Tibullus belong?
M. Valerius Messalla
Who was M. Valerius Messalla?
a patron of several poets
How many books of elegies did Tibullus publish?
two
What is Tibullus’ first book of elegies called?
Delia
Who was Tibullus in love with?
Delia
What was another name for Tibullus’ lover, besides Delia?
Plania
What is Tibullus’ second book of elegies called?
Nemesis
When was a third book of poems published in Tibullus’ name?
after his death
Who is the only extant Roman female poet?
Sulpicia
Under whose name did Sulpicia publish her poems?
Tibullus’
How many poems did Sulpicia write?
6 poems
Whose works were included in the the third book of poems published under Tibullus’ name?
Sulpicia, Tibullus, and some other authors
What kind of words and alliterations did Tibullus like to use in his poems?
hybrid Greek-Latin
What rhetorical figure did Tibullus often use in his writings?
figura etymologica
What is figura etymologica?
the use in one phrase of more than one form of the same word
Who coined the phrase “On the Greek Kalends”?
Augustus
What does “On the Greek Kalends” mean?
never
How many books long is Augustus’ autobiography?
14 books
How much of Augustus’ autobiography is extant?
none, all is lost
What book is an account of the public life of Augustus?
Momentum Ancyranum
What is another name for Momentum Ancyranum?
Res Gestae
What is Ovid’s full name?
Publius Ovidius Naso
What type of writer was Ovid?
a poet
When was Ovid born?
43 BC
Where was Ovid born?
Sulmo
Who wrote Amores?
Ovid
Who wrote Heroides?
Ovid
Who wrote Ars Amatoria?
Ovid
What writings did Ovid publish before 8 AD?
Amores, Heroides, Ars Amatoria, Remedia Amoris, Medicina Faciei, and Medea
What is Ovid’s Medea?
a tragedy
How many lines of Ovid’s Medea survive?
2 lines
Who wrote Metamorphoses?
Ovid
When was Metamorphoses complete?
8 AD
When was Ovid banished?
8 AD
Who banished Ovid?
Augustus
Where was Ovid banished to?
Tomi
What did Ovid say caused his exile?
a song and an error
What was the “song” that caused Ovid’s exile?
Ars Amatoria
What was possibly the “error” that caused Ovid’s exile?
involvement with Augustus’ granddaughter Julia, a woman of very low morals
What did Ovid write on Tomi?
the Fasti, the Tristia, the Epistulae ex Ponto, the Halieutica, and Ibis
Where did Ovid die?
still in exile in Tomi
When did Ovid die?
18 AD
When is the Golden Age of Latin Literature?
the first century BC
When is the Silver Age of latin literature?
the literature following the Golden Age until the Christian period
Which emperor wrote a Greek history of the Etruscans?
Claudius
When did Claudius’ history of Rome take place?
from the time of Julius Caesar’s death
Who did Claudius write a comparison of?
Cicero and Pollio
What is Seneca the Elder’s full name?
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Elder
What was Seneca the Elder called?
Rhetor
What two books did Seneca the Elder write?
Controversiae and Suasoriae
How many books of Controversiae survive?
5 books
How many books of Suasoriae survive?
1 book
What is the full name of Seneca the Younger?
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger
What is Seneca the Younger known as?
the Philosopher and the Stoic
What kind of writer was Seneca the Younger?
a playwright
When was Seneca the Younger born?
4 BC
Where was Seneca the Younger born?
Corduba (Spain)
What philosophy was Seneca the Younger part of?
Stoicism
What did the emperor Caligula call Seneca the Younger’s work?
sand without lime
Who wrote Dialogi?
Seneca the Younger
What was included in Dialogi?
ten treatises on philosophy
How many books were there in Dialogi?
12 books
Who wrote Apocolocyntosis?
Seneca the Younger
What does Apocolocyntosis mean?
The Pumpkinification
What type of writing was in Apocolocyntosis?
prose and verse
Who did Apocolocyntosis make fun of?
Claudius
How did Apocolocyntosis make fun of Claudius?
saying that instead of becoming a god, he had become a pumpkin
Who wrote De Clementia?
Seneca the Younger
What is De Clementia?
a fragmentary treatise
How many books were there originally of De Clementia?
3 books
Who wrote De Beneficiis?
Seneca the Younger
What is De Beneficiis?
a treatise
How many books of De Beneficiis are there?
7 books
Who wrote Naturales Quaestiones?
Seneca the Younger
What is Naturales Quaestiones?
a work on natural science from the Stoic viewpoint
Who wrote Epistulae Morales?
Seneca the Younger
What form of writing is Epistulae Morales?
letters
How many letters are in Epistulae Morales?
124
To whom are the letters in Epistulae Morales written?
his friend Lucilius
What are the letters in Epistulae Morales about?
philosophy and Seneca’s experiences
How many tragedies did Seneca the Younger write?
9 or 10
What is Seneca the Younger’s play Medea based on?
Euripides’ play
What is the difference between Seneca the Younger’s Medea and the play that it is based off of?
Seneca’s is more sympathetic to Jason than Euripides’ play
What play is Seneca the Younger’s Phaedra loosely based on?
Euripides’ play Hippolytus
What play is Seneca the Younger’s play Oedipus based on?
Sophocles’ play Oedipus Rex
What play is Seneca the Younger’s Agamemnon based on?
Aeschylus’ Agamemnon
What is the difference begween Aeschylus’ Agamemnon and Seneca the Younger’s Agamemnon?
it’s the same plot, but with different characterization
What is Seneca’s most like play?
Thyestes (but it has no extant model)
What is Seneca the Younger’s Thyestes about?
Atreus’ revenge on his brother Thyestes for stealing his wife and committing various other injustices
In Seneca the Younger’s Thyestes, how does Atreus take revenge on Thyestes?
Atreus feeds Thyestes’ sons to their father and as a result curses his house
What is Seneca the Younger’s play Hercules Oetaeus modeled on?
Sophocles’ Trachinian Women
What work of Seneca the Younger is attributed to him, but probably not actually written by him?
Octavia
What is the only complete fabula praetexta?
Octavia
What is Seneca the Younger’s play Octavia about?
Octavia, after Nero leaves her for Poppaea, organizes a rebellion against him, but is defeated and executed
What is Pliny the Elder’s full name?
Gaius Plinius Secundus
Where was Pliny the Elder born?
Comum
When was Pliny the Elder born?
23 AD
What is Pliny the Elder’s only surviving work?
Historia Naturalis
What is the Historia Naturalis?
and encyclopedia
How many books long is Historia Naturalis?
37 books
What are some examples of subjects in Historia Naturalis?
math, earth sciences, medicine, animals, and botany
How did Pliny the Elder get his information for his Historia Naturalis?
he claims to have consultsd experts for all of the subjects
How did we learn of the lost works of Pliny the Elder?
from a letter about Pliny written by Pliny the Younger to Tacitus
What is the relationship between Pliny the Elder and Pliny the Younger?
Pliny the Elder is Pliny the Younger’s uncle
About whose life were some the lost works of Pliny the Elder about?
Pomponius Secundus
What history were some of the lost works of Pliny the Elder about?
German wars
How many books were in Pliny the Elder’s lost history?
20 books
Pliny the Elder’s lost works included a study of what?
linguistics
How many books were in Pliny the Elder’s study of linguistics?
8 books
Pliny the Elder’s lost works included a treatise about what?
the use of a javelin from horseback
What is Persius’ full name?
Aulus Persius Flaccus
What kind of writer was Persius?
a satirist
Where was Persius born?
Volaterrae (in Etruria)
When was Persius born?
34 AD
Who was Persius friends with?
the poet Lucan
When did Persius die?
62 AD
What was Persius’ request when he died?
that his poems be destroyed, leaving only his satires
What did Lucan say about Persius’ works?
“That is real poetry, whereas what I have written is utter tripe, child’s play.”
What is Persius’ main work?
Saturae
How many poems are in Persius’ Saturae?
six
What verse are Persius’ poems in?
dactylic hexameter
What is Quintilian’s full name?
Marcus Fabius Quintilian
What type of writer was Quintilian?
a rhetorician
Where was Quintilian born?
in Calagurris in Spain
When was Quintilian born?
35 AD
How did Quintilian grow up?
he received a good education from the leading orators of the time and then practiced law
Who was the first person to receive a paid professorship from Vespasian?
Quintilian
When did Quintilian die?
c 100 AD
Who in his family did Quintilian outlive?
his wife and two sons
What is Quintilian’s only extant work?
the Institutio Oratoria
What was the Institutio Oratoria?
a treatise on a perfect orator
How many books long is the Institutio Oratoria?
12 books
According to Quintilian, what must an orator have?
personal integrity and the necessary technique
According to Quintilian, what cognitive abilities must an orator have?
he must have read widely, have vast knowledge, and must know how to connect his words and subjects precisely
What does Quintilian discourage in an orator?
being too grandiose or too uninspiring
What is Quintilian’s lost treatise?
De Causis Corruptae Eloquentiae
What did Martial call Quintilian?
“The supreme guide of wayward youth”
What is Lucan’s full name?
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus
What type of writer was Lucan?
an epic poet
Where was Lucan born?
Corduba
When was Lucan born?
39 AD
Who was Lucan’s uncle?
Seneca
Where did Lucan receive his education?
Rome
Who was Lucan a favorite of?
Nero
What did Nero make Lucan?
a quaestor
What did Nero do when Lucan made him jealous?
forbade Lucan from reading or publishing his poetry
What did Lucan join after Nero stopped him from publishing poetry?
the Pisonian Conspiracy
How did Lucan die?
he was forced to commit suicide by Nero
On what day did Lucan die?
April 30, 65 AD
What is Lucan’s only extant work?
Bellum Civile (unfinished)
What is another name for the Bellum Civile?
Pharsalia
How many books are in the Bellum Civile?
10 books
What type of writing is the Bellum Civile?
an epic poem
What is the Bellum Civile about?
Julius Caesar’s struggle against the senatorial party
What is the meter of the Bellum Civile?
dactylic hexameter (like other epics)
Which epic does not include the intervention of deities?
Bellum Civile
Who is the villain of the Bellum Civile?
Caesar
Who is the Bellum Civile complementary of?
Pompey
What philosophy does Bellum Civile promote?
Stoicism
What is the full name of Petronius?
Gaius Petronius Arbiter
What was the profession of Petronius?
writer and statesmen
Who did Petronius serve as consul under?
Nero
What did Nero call Petronius?
arbiter elegentiae
What does arbiter elegentiae?
judge of good taste
When did Petronius die?
65 AD
How did Petronius die?
committed suicide
Why did Petronius die?
the Pisonian conspiracy
Who is the author of Satyricon?
Petronius (but there is insufficient information to be sure)
What is the Satyricon?
fragmentary novel in prose and verse
Who are the main characters of the Satyricon?
Encolpius and Ascyltus, and their servant Giton
What is the longest surviving part of the Satyricon?
cena Trimalchionsis
What interrupts the cena Trimalchionsis?
two stories
What are the stories that interrupt the cena Trimachionsis about?
one is about a werewolf, the other about two witches stealing a boy and leaving a figure of straw in his place
What is the full name of Statius?
Publius Papinius Statius
What type of writer was Statius?
a poet
Where was Statius born?
Naples
When was Statius born?
c. 40 AD
Who taught Statius poetry?
his father
Until what year did Statius live in Rome?
94 AD
Where did Statius return to when he left Rome?
Naples
Where did Statius die?
Naples
When did Statius die?
96 AD
Who wrote the Thebaid?
Statius
What is the Thebaid?
an epic poem
How many books are in the Thebaid?
12
What story does the Thebaid tell?
the feud between Polyneices and Eteocles and the Seven Against Thebes legend
What epic did Statius start but never finish?
Achilleid
Who was the Achilleid about?
Achilles
How many Silvae did Statius write?
32
What were Statius’ Silvae?
poems on various subjects
Who wrote an epic poem about Domitian’s German Wars?
Statius
What tragedy of Statius was a pantomime?
Agave
Who was the author of Punica?
Silius Italicus
What was Punica?
a poem about the 2nd Punic War
How many books long is Punica?
17 books
Who was considered the worst Latin poet?
Silius Italicus
Who commended Silius Italicus’ work?
Martial
How did Silius Italicus die?
he starved himself to death
What is the full name of Martial?
Marcus Valerius Martialis
What kind of writer was Martial?
a poet
Where was Martial born?
Bilbilis (in Spain)
When was Martial born?
c. 40 AD
When did Martial come to Rome?
63 AD
Who did Martial meet in Rome?
Quintilian, Seneca, and Lucan
What did Martial do after coming to Rome and meeting authors?
he began to write
What was Martial given because of his poverty?
ius trium liberorum
When did Martial return to Spain?
100 AD
When did Martial die?
104 AD
What government position did Martial eventually rise to?
tribune
Who wrote the Liber Spectaculorum?
Martial
When did Martial write the Liber Spectaculorum?
80 AD
What was the Liber Spectaculorum in honor of?
Titus’ opening of the Colosseum
What is Martial most famous for?
epigrams
How many books of Martial’s epigrams survive?
14 books
What is the total number of surviving Martial epigrams?
1500 epigrams
What popular subject does Martial not use in his epigrams?
mythology
What does Martial say about using mythology? (in latin and english)
“Hominem pagina nostra sapit” (My page contains the flavor of men)
What do many of Martial’s epigrams deal with?
his frustration with unreliable patrons
What poet did Martial criticize?
Ovid
About whose nature does Martial complain?
women’s
What did Martial think of his poems?
that they would last forever
To what friend did Martial write many epigrams over the years?
Julius Martialis
Who is Martial’s most moving epigram for?
a slave girl who died before age six
What does Martial ask the earth in his most moving epigram?
to “lie gently on the child who walked so lightly on the earth”
What is Tacitus’ full name?
Publius Cornelius Tacitus
Where was Tacitus probably born?
in northern Italy
When was Tacitus born?
c. 55 AD
Into what kind of family was Tacitus born?
an aristocratic family
Whose daughter did Tacitus marry and in what year?
Cn. Julius Agricola, 78 AD
What is the earliest work attributed to Tacitus?
Dialogus de Oratoribus
What work of Tacitus has a disputed authorship?
Dialogus de Oratoribus
When was Dialogus de Oratoribus written?
c. 81 AD
What does Dialogus de Oratoribus discuss?
the decline in oratory at the time
What work of Tacitus was a biography of his father-in-law?
Agricola
When was Tacitus’ Agricola published?
98 AD
How does Tacitus’ Agricola portray Agricola?
it is complementary of him
What does Tacitus’ Agricola talk about?
Agricola’s military exploits in Britain and personal virtue
What does Tacitus’ Germania deal with?
the geography, politics, and customs of the German people
When did Tacitus publish Germania?
98 AD
How does Tacitus regard the Germans?
he acknowledges their flaws, but still considers them more virtuous than the Romans of his time
What is Tacitus’ work shorter work of history?
Historiae
What years did Historiae take place in?
69-96
How many books long is Historiae?
12 books
What books of Historiae are lost?
VI-XII
Which book of Historiae only survives in part?
Book V
What does the extant part of Historiae end with?
Titus’ conquest of Jerusalem and the Batavian revolt
What is Tacitus’ longer history?
Annales
How many books are in Tacitus’ Annales?
18 books
What years are Tacitus’ Annales from?
14-68 AD
How much of Tacitus’ Annales lost?
most of it
What is Juvenal’s full name?
Decius Junius Juvenalis
What kind of writer was Juvenal?
a satirist
Where was Juvenal born?
Aquinum
When was Juvenal born?
c. 60 AD
During whose reign did Juvenal live in Rome?
Domitian’s
To where did Domitian banish Juvenal?
Egypt
What is one possible reason Domitian banished Juvenal?
mentioning an actor Paris who had an affair with the emperor’s wife
When did Juvenal return to Rome?
96 AD
Why was Juvenal able to return to Rome after being banished to Egypt?
Domitian died
Which emperor was Juvenal able to help?
Hadrian
How did Juvenal help Hadrian?
he helped him obtain a farm in Tibur
Where did Juvenal die?
Tibur
When did Juvenal die?
c. 130
How many satires did Juvenal write?
16
What was Pliny the Younger’s full name?
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus
How is Pliny the Younger related to Pliny the Elder?
Pliny the Younger is the Elder’s heir and nephew
Where was Pliny the Younger born?
Comum
When was Pliny the Younger born?
62 AD
Who did Pliny the Younger study under?
Quintilian
What profession did Pliny the Younger have when studying under Quintilian?
lawyer
Under which emperor did Pliny the Younger serve as consul?
Trajan
Where was Pliny the Younger governor of?
Bithynia
In what year was Pliny the Younger governor of Bithynia?
111 AD
When did Pliny the Younger die?
c. 114 AD
Which speech of Pliny the Younger is extant?
Panegyricus
What is Pliny the Younger most famous for?
letters
How many books of letters did Pliny the Younger write?
10
Where did Pliny the Younger endow a library?
in his hometown
What do Pliny the Younger’s letter discuss?
law, finance, and the treatment of Christians
What is Pliny the Younger’s most famous letter about?
Vesuvius’ eruption
What is Pliny the Younger’s second most famous letter?
a haunted house in Athens
What is Suetonius’ full name?
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus
What kind of writer was Suetonius?
a historian
When was Suetonius born?
c. 70 AD
Into what kind of family was Suetonius born?
an equestrian
What emperors did Suetonius work for?
Trajan and Hadrian
What did Suetonius receive when working for the emperors?
ius trium liberorum
When did Suetonius die?
c. 140
Who wrote De Viris Illustribus?
Suetonius
What does De Viris Illustribus mean?
On Famous Men
What were included in De Viris Illustribus?
biographies of various literary figures
Whose biographies in De Viris Illustribus are extant?
Horace, Lucan, Terence
What biographies are possibly included in De Viris Illustribus?
Vergil, Tibullus, and Persius
What was Suetonius’ treatise on grammar called?
De Grammaticis
What was Suetonius’ work on oratory called?
De Rhetoribus
What is Suetonius’ most famous work?
De Vita Caesarum?
What does De Vita Caesarum mean?
The Lives of the Caesars
What is De Vita Caesarum?
a biography on Julius Caesar and the emperors through Domitian
What does De Vita Caesarum mostly contain?
a lot of personal information about the Caesars
What is Apuleius’ full name?
Lucius Apuleius
Where was Apuleius born?
Madaura, a Roman colony near Numidia
When was Apuleius born?
c. 125
What was Apuleius accused of?
winning his wife by magic
Why did Apuleius supposedly marry his wife?
in order to gain her wealth by her relatives
What did Suetonius write defending himself?
Apologia
What is another name for Suetonius’ Apologia?
De Mage
What happened to the charges against Suetonius?
they were dropped and Suetonius lived a happy life
When did Suetonius die?
it is unknown
What is Suetonius’ collection of passages from his speeches called?
Florida
What is Suetonius’ work on Plato’s philosophy called?
De Platone
What is Suetonius’ work on Socrates’ conception of the gods and daimones?
De De Socratis
What Greek treatise did Suetonius translate?
De Mundo
What is Suetonius’ most famous work?
The Golden Ass
What is another name for The Golden Ass?
Metamorphoses
What happens to the main character in The Golden Ass?
Lucius is transformed into a donkey and then goes on many adventures
What famous myth is included in The Golden Ass?
Cupid and Pysche
What work did Aulus Gellius write?
Noctes Atticae
What does Noctes Atticae mean?
Attic Nights
