Regional Organziations Flashcards

1
Q

EC

A

European Community

1958

first wave regionalism econocomic institution

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2
Q

LAS

A

League of Arab States

Arab League 1945

First wave regionalism, Multipurpose organization.
22 Arab countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Dijbouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen.
A regional political and economic organization focused on Arab unity and development.
Founded in Cairo in 1945

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3
Q

OAS

A

the Organization of American States

32 members founded in 1948

First wave regionalism multipurpose org

est to promote cooperation in the Americas

human rights, electoral oversight, social and econ dev, and security in the Western hemisphere

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4
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1949 (30 countries from NAmerica and Europe

1st wave of regionailsm security alliance

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5
Q

the Warsaw Pact

A

1st wave of regionalism security org

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6
Q

The Rio Pact

A

1st wave of regionalism security org

1947

“an armed attack by any state shall be considered as an attack against all the American States … “
collective security

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7
Q

SEATO

A

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

1954-77 US, FR, UK, NZ, Philippines, Thailand, and Pakistan

1st wave of regionalism security org
To prevent communism from gaining ground in the region

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8
Q

PAFTA

A

Peru-Australia Free Trade Agreement

1st wave of regionalism economic institution

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9
Q

LAFTA

A

Latine American Free Trade Association

1st wave of regionalism economic institution

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10
Q

SADCC/SADC

A

Southern African Development Community

1st wave of regionalism (developmental org.) part of 3rd wave revitilize

SADCC 1980 -> SADC 1992

14 southern African countries: Angola, Botswana, Comoros, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

trade and economic development efforts
(increasingly peacekeeping)

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11
Q

OAU

A

Organization of African Unity -> now the AU (Africa Union)

1st wave of regionalism developmental org

1963 (replaced by AU in ‘02)

to promote the unity and solidarity of the African states

to secure Africa’s long-term econ and political future

dedicated to the eradication of all forms of colonialism

55 member states (all of Africa)

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12
Q

The non-alignment movement

A

Formally declared non-alignment with or against any Great power

original members: Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia

2nd wave of regionalism

In response to cold war bipoliarity

1955 Bandung Conference in Belgrade

security of non-aligned countries in their struggle against: imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialims, racsim, foregin agression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony from any great power or bloc

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13
Q

OIC

A

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation

2nd wave of regionalism

57 member states

attempts to ve the collective voice of the muslim world (Ummah)
2nd largest international organization

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14
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of Southeast Asia Nations

2nd wave of regionalism - 1961

Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei

Promotes econ growth and peach with in the region

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15
Q

ECOWAS

A

Economic Community of West African States

2nd wave of regionalism - 1975

Also known as CEDEAO

poli/econ union + peace keeping

15 West African countries: Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo (Burkina Faso / Mali / Guinea / Niger suspended)

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16
Q

AMU

A

Arab Maghreb Union

2nd wave of regionalism -1988 first summit

poli eocn union / trade agreement

Algeria, Libya, Mauratania, Morocco, and Tunisia

North Africa West of Egypt

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17
Q

GCC

A

Gulf Cooperation Council

2nd wave of regionalism - 1981

Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE

regional, itnergovernmental, political and econ union

all members are monarchies

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18
Q

MERCOSUR

A

Mercado Comun del Sur 1991-Treaty of Asuncion

Third wave of regionalism

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Venezuela is suspended since 2016 and the rest of SA are associate countries)
Trade alliance aimed at boosting the regional economy, moving goods, people, workfroce, and capital.
Was frist a free trade xone and then a customs union

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19
Q

CIS

A

Commonwealh of Independent States (1991)

Third wave of regionalism

a regional intergovernemntal orgnaziation in Eurasion formed after the dissolution of the USSR

encourages cooperation in econ/poli/mil affairs as well as cross-border crime prevention

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

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20
Q

SCO

A

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2001)

3rd wave of regionalism

China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzatan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikstan

common security threats, economi cooperation, and cultural exchange in Central Asia

Succesor to the Shanghai Five

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21
Q

UN

A

United Nations - 1945

Supernational/universal organzation

founded post wwii by 51 countries committed to maintaining peace, progress, and human rights

5 permanent UN security council members: China, France, Russia, UK, USA

10 non-permanent (2023): Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Switzerland, South Korea, Algeria, Sierra Leone, Guyana, Slovenia

US contributes 0 peace keeping troops but is the #1 financial contributer (Japan is #2)
Contributes the most troops: Bangladesh > Ethiopia > India > Pakistan > Rwanda > Nepal > Senegal > Ghana > China > Nigeria

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22
Q

EU

A

European Union

Regional organziation

1993 Masstricht treaty

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23
Q

WTO

A

World Trade Organization

Global level org

established 1995 after the Marrakesh Agreement

HQ in Geneva Switzerland

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24
Q

League of Nations

A

(1920-1946) established after Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points post WWII

Global level org

failed as nations pulled out to be expantionist in WWII
US never joined (Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Abyssinia, Germany in CZ, Spanish civil war)

if you don’t punish aggression than….

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25
Q

BRICS

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (2009)

Inter-regional level org

since added Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and UAE

govs meet anually to coordinate mulitilateral policies since 2009

rival to G7 bloc

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26
Q

The G7

A

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, US, and EU

an itnergovernmental poli/econ forum

pluralism, liberal democracy, and representatice gov

major IMF advanced economies

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27
Q

OPEC

A

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (1960)

inter-regional level oganization

Algeria, Republic of the Congo, Equeetorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela

28
Q

MFO

A

Multinational Force and Observers

example of a military org

to supervise the implementation fo the security provisions of the Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace (1981)

29
Q

Francophonie

A

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (1970)

countries where French is the customary language or a sig portion of the pop speaks it

88 member states

30
Q

CSTO

A

Collective Security Treaty Organization (2002)

military alliance in Eurasia

6 post-USSR states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakstan, Kyrgystan, Russia, and Tajikistan

31
Q

ECCAS -> CEMAC

A

Economic Community of Central African States

monetary union around the central african franc (CFA)

ECCAS 1983 -> CEMAC 1999

Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe

32
Q

CEDC

A

Central European Defense Cooperation (2010)

a politically driven defense pact

Military collaboration btw Central European States

Austria, Croatioa, the CZ, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia)

Security and defense platform for participants to discuss , develop, and promote common interests

33
Q

NORDEFCO

A

Nordic Defense Cooperation (2009)

Geographical type of defense pact

5 states: denmark, finland, iceland, norway, and sweden

34
Q

JEF

A

UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force

Geographical type of defense pact

UK, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Netherlands

Training, exercise, SMO, rapid RF

agile, flexible force ready to react on behalf of NATO

35
Q

TTF

A

Takuba Task Force (2020-22)

operational type of defense pact

European mil task force under French command
established to advise, assist, and accompany Malian Armed Forces in coordination with G5-Sahel partners

36
Q

EDF

A

European Defense Fund (2017)

capability development type of defense pact

The European Commision’s instrument to support Research and Development in defense

37
Q

UDCG

A

Ukraine Defense Contact Group

Ad hoc defense regional org

For coordinating mil assistnace to Ukraine

38
Q

C-ISL

A

Counter ISIL in Syria and Iraq expanded into Afghanistan and Western Africa

Ad hoc defense regional org

39
Q

Group 77

A

Representing what we see as the global south

maintian ndependence of developing countries, econ dev, shared issues

All UN members except council of Europe (except BiH), organziation for economic cooperation and development (except Chile), commonwealth of independent states (except Tajikistan), 2 microstates: Palau and Tuvali

40
Q

CoE

A

Council of Europe

est. 1949

to prevent conflict and promote edu, democracy, human rights.

only regional framework bringing all european countries

distinct from EU

41
Q

CEFTA

A

Central European Free Trade Agreement

not very successful - boost regional cooperation in the Balkans (1992)

Non EU Southeastern European countries: Albania, BiH, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia

fromer members: Bulgaria, Croatia, CZ, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (ended membership when joined the EU)

42
Q

BENELUX

A

Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg

est. 1940s ish

Now used more generally to refer to the geographic, economic, and cultural grouping

HQ Brussels

“most integrated region”

43
Q

V4

A

VIsegard

1991 Central European political alliance

CZ, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia

Cooperation around the military, eocnomic, cultural and energy affairs

All are EU, NATO, and Bucharest Nine members

44
Q

APEC

A

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization (1989)

free trade thruout the Asia-Pacific region

21 members
In response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific econs and the invention of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world

45
Q

ASEAN +3

A

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (founded 1961) + China, South Korea, and Japan (1997)

1997 promotion of trade and investment + market stability in region

the 10 ASEAN member states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) + (China, Japan, and South Korea)

46
Q

SAARC

A

South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (1985)

Launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006.
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka

Economic and political with goals of socioeconomic dev of member states thru increased intra-regional cooperation

47
Q

ANZUS

A

The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty

1951 non-binding collective security agreement

48
Q

CEI

A

Central European Intiative

17 members formed 1989-91

regional intergovernemntal forum including central, eastern, and south eastern europe

49
Q

Nordic Council

A

1952 - Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation

common problem solving

50
Q

Schengen Area

A

largest free travel area in the world estbalished 1985

29 european countries

51
Q

Baltic Assembly

A

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 1991

to coordinate cooperation btw the national parliaments of the Baltics

52
Q

EZ

A

The Eurozone

currency uinion of 20 member states of the EU

euro was introduced in 1999

53
Q

EEA

A

European Economic Area

EU countries + Norway + Liechstenstein + Iceland

allows to be part of EU’s single market

54
Q

BSEC

A

Black Sea Economic Cooperation - 1992

political and econ intiative for peace/stability/prosperity in black sea

13 member states: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hellenic Republic, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine

55
Q

EFTA

A

European Free Trade Association (1960)

an alt for if you dont want to be in EEC but did want in a trade bloc

promotion of free trade and econ integration

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland

In parallel with EU

56
Q

CARICOM

A

Caribbean Community

1973 - Treaty of Chaguaramas – 15 full members

coordinating econ policies and development planning
devising special projects for less-developed countries
operating as a regional single market for many of its members
handling regional trade disputes
dependent on US + links to EU countries

57
Q

ACS

A

Association of Caribbean States

25 member states

promote cooperation and concerted action amonf all countries of the Caribbean coastal area

promote greater trade btw the nations, enhance transportations, and sustainable tourism, and reactions to natural diseasters

58
Q

CENTO

A

Central Treaty Organization (1955-1979)

from the bahgdad pact

instrument of colonial influence and US containment

59
Q

United Arab Republic

A

formed in response to CENTO by Egypt’s Nasser

1958-1961

60
Q

CSCE / OSCE

A

Conference on Security and Co-operation In Europe

2nd wave of regionalism (1973)

most of europe and north america (57)
pan-European security institution
very cold war

61
Q

ACC

A

The Arab Cooperation Council

2nd wave of regionalism

to contain Iraq

Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt

1989 dissolved in the 90s

62
Q

ARF

A

ASEAN Regional Forum

third wave regionalism

10 ASEAN Members (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) + Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, NZ, Korea, Russia, and US

coutner-terrorism and transnational crimes
information and communications technology security
disaster relief
maritime security
non-proliferation and disarmament

63
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Free Trade Agreement

3rd wave of regionalism (1994)

trilateral trade bloc btw Canada, Mexico, and US

elimination or reduction of barriers to reade and investment btw the 3 countries

64
Q

PIF

A

Pacific Islands Forum

revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization

enhance cooperation among countries/territories of Oceania
trace blocs and peacekeeping ops

founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum (SPF)

18 natiosn

65
Q

IGAD

A

Intergovernmental Authority on Development

revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization (IGADD 1986->IGAD 1996)

trade bloc in the horn of Africa

Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan