Regional Organziations Flashcards
EC
European Community
1958
first wave regionalism econocomic institution
LAS
League of Arab States
Arab League 1945
First wave regionalism, Multipurpose organization.
22 Arab countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Dijbouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen.
A regional political and economic organization focused on Arab unity and development.
Founded in Cairo in 1945
OAS
the Organization of American States
32 members founded in 1948
First wave regionalism multipurpose org
est to promote cooperation in the Americas
human rights, electoral oversight, social and econ dev, and security in the Western hemisphere
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1949 (30 countries from NAmerica and Europe
1st wave of regionailsm security alliance
the Warsaw Pact
1st wave of regionalism security org
The Rio Pact
1st wave of regionalism security org
1947
“an armed attack by any state shall be considered as an attack against all the American States … “
collective security
SEATO
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
1954-77 US, FR, UK, NZ, Philippines, Thailand, and Pakistan
1st wave of regionalism security org
To prevent communism from gaining ground in the region
PAFTA
Peru-Australia Free Trade Agreement
1st wave of regionalism economic institution
LAFTA
Latine American Free Trade Association
1st wave of regionalism economic institution
SADCC/SADC
Southern African Development Community
1st wave of regionalism (developmental org.) part of 3rd wave revitilize
SADCC 1980 -> SADC 1992
14 southern African countries: Angola, Botswana, Comoros, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
trade and economic development efforts
(increasingly peacekeeping)
OAU
Organization of African Unity -> now the AU (Africa Union)
1st wave of regionalism developmental org
1963 (replaced by AU in ‘02)
to promote the unity and solidarity of the African states
to secure Africa’s long-term econ and political future
dedicated to the eradication of all forms of colonialism
55 member states (all of Africa)
The non-alignment movement
Formally declared non-alignment with or against any Great power
original members: Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia
2nd wave of regionalism
In response to cold war bipoliarity
1955 Bandung Conference in Belgrade
security of non-aligned countries in their struggle against: imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialims, racsim, foregin agression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony from any great power or bloc
OIC
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation
2nd wave of regionalism
57 member states
attempts to ve the collective voice of the muslim world (Ummah)
2nd largest international organization
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asia Nations
2nd wave of regionalism - 1961
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei
Promotes econ growth and peach with in the region
ECOWAS
Economic Community of West African States
2nd wave of regionalism - 1975
Also known as CEDEAO
poli/econ union + peace keeping
15 West African countries: Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo (Burkina Faso / Mali / Guinea / Niger suspended)
AMU
Arab Maghreb Union
2nd wave of regionalism -1988 first summit
poli eocn union / trade agreement
Algeria, Libya, Mauratania, Morocco, and Tunisia
North Africa West of Egypt
GCC
Gulf Cooperation Council
2nd wave of regionalism - 1981
Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE
regional, itnergovernmental, political and econ union
all members are monarchies
MERCOSUR
Mercado Comun del Sur 1991-Treaty of Asuncion
Third wave of regionalism
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Venezuela is suspended since 2016 and the rest of SA are associate countries)
Trade alliance aimed at boosting the regional economy, moving goods, people, workfroce, and capital.
Was frist a free trade xone and then a customs union
CIS
Commonwealh of Independent States (1991)
Third wave of regionalism
a regional intergovernemntal orgnaziation in Eurasion formed after the dissolution of the USSR
encourages cooperation in econ/poli/mil affairs as well as cross-border crime prevention
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
SCO
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2001)
3rd wave of regionalism
China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzatan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikstan
common security threats, economi cooperation, and cultural exchange in Central Asia
Succesor to the Shanghai Five
UN
United Nations - 1945
Supernational/universal organzation
founded post wwii by 51 countries committed to maintaining peace, progress, and human rights
5 permanent UN security council members: China, France, Russia, UK, USA
10 non-permanent (2023): Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Switzerland, South Korea, Algeria, Sierra Leone, Guyana, Slovenia
US contributes 0 peace keeping troops but is the #1 financial contributer (Japan is #2)
Contributes the most troops: Bangladesh > Ethiopia > India > Pakistan > Rwanda > Nepal > Senegal > Ghana > China > Nigeria
EU
European Union
Regional organziation
1993 Masstricht treaty
WTO
World Trade Organization
Global level org
established 1995 after the Marrakesh Agreement
HQ in Geneva Switzerland
League of Nations
(1920-1946) established after Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points post WWII
Global level org
failed as nations pulled out to be expantionist in WWII
US never joined (Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Abyssinia, Germany in CZ, Spanish civil war)
if you don’t punish aggression than….
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (2009)
Inter-regional level org
since added Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and UAE
govs meet anually to coordinate mulitilateral policies since 2009
rival to G7 bloc
The G7
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, US, and EU
an itnergovernmental poli/econ forum
pluralism, liberal democracy, and representatice gov
major IMF advanced economies
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (1960)
inter-regional level oganization
Algeria, Republic of the Congo, Equeetorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
MFO
Multinational Force and Observers
example of a military org
to supervise the implementation fo the security provisions of the Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace (1981)
Francophonie
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (1970)
countries where French is the customary language or a sig portion of the pop speaks it
88 member states
CSTO
Collective Security Treaty Organization (2002)
military alliance in Eurasia
6 post-USSR states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakstan, Kyrgystan, Russia, and Tajikistan
ECCAS -> CEMAC
Economic Community of Central African States
monetary union around the central african franc (CFA)
ECCAS 1983 -> CEMAC 1999
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe
CEDC
Central European Defense Cooperation (2010)
a politically driven defense pact
Military collaboration btw Central European States
Austria, Croatioa, the CZ, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia)
Security and defense platform for participants to discuss , develop, and promote common interests
NORDEFCO
Nordic Defense Cooperation (2009)
Geographical type of defense pact
5 states: denmark, finland, iceland, norway, and sweden
JEF
UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force
Geographical type of defense pact
UK, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Netherlands
Training, exercise, SMO, rapid RF
agile, flexible force ready to react on behalf of NATO
TTF
Takuba Task Force (2020-22)
operational type of defense pact
European mil task force under French command
established to advise, assist, and accompany Malian Armed Forces in coordination with G5-Sahel partners
EDF
European Defense Fund (2017)
capability development type of defense pact
The European Commision’s instrument to support Research and Development in defense
UDCG
Ukraine Defense Contact Group
Ad hoc defense regional org
For coordinating mil assistnace to Ukraine
C-ISL
Counter ISIL in Syria and Iraq expanded into Afghanistan and Western Africa
Ad hoc defense regional org
Group 77
Representing what we see as the global south
maintian ndependence of developing countries, econ dev, shared issues
All UN members except council of Europe (except BiH), organziation for economic cooperation and development (except Chile), commonwealth of independent states (except Tajikistan), 2 microstates: Palau and Tuvali
CoE
Council of Europe
est. 1949
to prevent conflict and promote edu, democracy, human rights.
only regional framework bringing all european countries
distinct from EU
CEFTA
Central European Free Trade Agreement
not very successful - boost regional cooperation in the Balkans (1992)
Non EU Southeastern European countries: Albania, BiH, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia
fromer members: Bulgaria, Croatia, CZ, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (ended membership when joined the EU)
BENELUX
Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg
est. 1940s ish
Now used more generally to refer to the geographic, economic, and cultural grouping
HQ Brussels
“most integrated region”
V4
VIsegard
1991 Central European political alliance
CZ, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia
Cooperation around the military, eocnomic, cultural and energy affairs
All are EU, NATO, and Bucharest Nine members
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization (1989)
free trade thruout the Asia-Pacific region
21 members
In response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific econs and the invention of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world
ASEAN +3
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (founded 1961) + China, South Korea, and Japan (1997)
1997 promotion of trade and investment + market stability in region
the 10 ASEAN member states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) + (China, Japan, and South Korea)
SAARC
South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (1985)
Launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006.
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
Economic and political with goals of socioeconomic dev of member states thru increased intra-regional cooperation
ANZUS
The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
1951 non-binding collective security agreement
CEI
Central European Intiative
17 members formed 1989-91
regional intergovernemntal forum including central, eastern, and south eastern europe
Nordic Council
1952 - Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation
common problem solving
Schengen Area
largest free travel area in the world estbalished 1985
29 european countries
Baltic Assembly
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 1991
to coordinate cooperation btw the national parliaments of the Baltics
EZ
The Eurozone
currency uinion of 20 member states of the EU
euro was introduced in 1999
EEA
European Economic Area
EU countries + Norway + Liechstenstein + Iceland
allows to be part of EU’s single market
BSEC
Black Sea Economic Cooperation - 1992
political and econ intiative for peace/stability/prosperity in black sea
13 member states: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hellenic Republic, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine
EFTA
European Free Trade Association (1960)
an alt for if you dont want to be in EEC but did want in a trade bloc
promotion of free trade and econ integration
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland
In parallel with EU
CARICOM
Caribbean Community
1973 - Treaty of Chaguaramas – 15 full members
coordinating econ policies and development planning
devising special projects for less-developed countries
operating as a regional single market for many of its members
handling regional trade disputes
dependent on US + links to EU countries
ACS
Association of Caribbean States
25 member states
promote cooperation and concerted action amonf all countries of the Caribbean coastal area
promote greater trade btw the nations, enhance transportations, and sustainable tourism, and reactions to natural diseasters
CENTO
Central Treaty Organization (1955-1979)
from the bahgdad pact
instrument of colonial influence and US containment
United Arab Republic
formed in response to CENTO by Egypt’s Nasser
1958-1961
CSCE / OSCE
Conference on Security and Co-operation In Europe
2nd wave of regionalism (1973)
most of europe and north america (57)
pan-European security institution
very cold war
ACC
The Arab Cooperation Council
2nd wave of regionalism
to contain Iraq
Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt
1989 dissolved in the 90s
ARF
ASEAN Regional Forum
third wave regionalism
10 ASEAN Members (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) + Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, NZ, Korea, Russia, and US
coutner-terrorism and transnational crimes
information and communications technology security
disaster relief
maritime security
non-proliferation and disarmament
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
3rd wave of regionalism (1994)
trilateral trade bloc btw Canada, Mexico, and US
elimination or reduction of barriers to reade and investment btw the 3 countries
PIF
Pacific Islands Forum
revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization
enhance cooperation among countries/territories of Oceania
trace blocs and peacekeeping ops
founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum (SPF)
18 natiosn
IGAD
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization (IGADD 1986->IGAD 1996)
trade bloc in the horn of Africa
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan
