Regional Groundwater Flow

Question 1

subsurface flow in a groundwater basin is considered to be _______ in nature

Answer 1

regional

Question 2

groundwater recharge is about _____ times the lake’s catchment area

Answer 2

1.5x

Question 3

movement of water is a ________ phenomenon

Answer 3

three-dimensional

Question 4

what is the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the Philippine lithology?

Answer 4

heterogenous and anisotropic

Question 5

the primary method through which water enters an aquifer

Answer 5

recharge

Question 6

an area in which groundwater is discharged to the land surface

Answer 6

groundwater discharge zone

Question 7

an area in which water enters an aquifer

Answer 7

groundwater recharge zone

Question 8

recharge areas are usually located in _______ and with _______ water table

Answer 8

topographic high places ; deeper

Question 9

discharge areas are usually located in __________ and with ________ water table

Answer 9

topographic low places ; shallow

Question 10

manifestations of discharge areas

Answer 10

spring, seep, lake, or streams

Question 11

manifestation of discharge in densely vegetated areas

Answer 11

wet soil

Question 12

manifestation of discharge in arid areas

Answer 12

thicker vegetation cover or salt deposit

Question 13

in the presence of fractures, recharge rate will _____

Answer 13

accelerate

Question 14

water moves from the wetland into the groundwater

Answer 14

recharging wetland

Question 15

water moves from groundwater into the wetland

Answer 15

discharging wetland

Question 16

_______ can cause wetlands to shift back and forth from discharging to recharging

Answer 16

fluctuating water table

Question 17

groundwater availability map of the Philippines was created in what year?

Answer 17

1977

Question 18

a line in two-dimensional groundwater flow field such that the total hydraulic head is the same everywhere on the surface

Answer 18

equipotential line

Question 19

t or f: equipotential line is 2D

Answer 19

true

Question 20

t or f: in an equipotential line, hydraulic head is equal everywhere on the surface

Answer 20

T

Question 21

represents the height of the water table or potentiometric surface of a confined aquifer, above a datum plane

Answer 21

equipotential lines

Question 22

connects points or equal head

Answer 22

equipotential lines

Question 23

idealized paths followed by particles of water as they move through the aquifer

Answer 23

flow lines

Question 24

plays a role in the settlement pattern of many lands

Answer 24

spring

Question 25

__________ and __________ are though to have therapeutic value

Answer 25

mineralized and thermal

Question 26

mineralized and thermal springs are found along:

Answer 26

inactive volcanoes or surface with residual heat

Question 27

springs can be _______ or _________

Answer 27

permanent or ephemeral

Question 28

provide simple mechanism of springs

Answer 28

topographic low spots

Question 29

forms when water table reaches the surface

Answer 29

depression spring

Question 30

where do swamps naturally form?

Answer 30

in depression springs where water table is shallow and reaches the surface. over time, trees and shrubs begin to fill in the land.

Question 31

these springs are formed when relatively permeable rocks overlie rocks of low permeability

Answer 31

contact spring

Question 32

t or f: depression springs are only formed in unconfined aquifer

Answer 32

T

Question 33

are formed when faulting causes groundwater under hydrostatic pressure (such as in confined aquifers) can move up along such faults

Answer 33

fault springs

Question 34

are formed at topographic lows when water table reaches the surface due to topographic undulations

Answer 34

depression spring

Question 35

are formed when large quantities of water move through the cavities, channels, conduits and other openings developed in limestones.

Answer 35

sinkhole springs

Question 36

occur due to existence of jointed or permeable fracture zones in low permeability rocks

Answer 36

joint springs

Question 37

are formed whene fractures intersect the land surface, movement of groundwater is mainly through fractures that may tap shallow as well as deep aquifers.

Answer 37

fracture spring

Question 38

some of the largest spring are found on

Answer 38

limestone bedrocks

Question 39

springs on limestone bedrocks can either be:

Answer 39

diffused flow in pores and fractures; channelized flow in caverns

Question 40

a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface

Answer 40

subterranean river

Question 41

a ___________ has a channelized flow in caverns

Answer 41

subterranean spring

Question 42

example of subterranean river in the Philippines

Answer 42

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River

Question 43

t or f: all surface water interact with groundwater

Answer 43

T