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Hydrogeology > Regional Groundwater Flow > Flashcards

Regional Groundwater Flow Flashcards

1
Q

subsurface flow in a groundwater basin is considered to be _______ in nature

A

regional

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2
Q

groundwater recharge is about _____ times the lake’s catchment area

A

1.5x

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3
Q

movement of water is a ________ phenomenon

A

three-dimensional

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4
Q

what is the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the Philippine lithology?

A

heterogenous and anisotropic

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5
Q

the primary method through which water enters an aquifer

A

recharge

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6
Q

an area in which groundwater is discharged to the land surface

A

groundwater discharge zone

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7
Q

an area in which water enters an aquifer

A

groundwater recharge zone

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8
Q

recharge areas are usually located in _______ and with _______ water table

A

topographic high places ; deeper

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9
Q

discharge areas are usually located in __________ and with ________ water table

A

topographic low places ; shallow

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10
Q

manifestations of discharge areas

A

spring, seep, lake, or streams

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11
Q

manifestation of discharge in densely vegetated areas

A

wet soil

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12
Q

manifestation of discharge in arid areas

A

thicker vegetation cover or salt deposit

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13
Q

in the presence of fractures, recharge rate will _____

A

accelerate

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14
Q

water moves from the wetland into the groundwater

A

recharging wetland

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15
Q

water moves from groundwater into the wetland

A

discharging wetland

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16
Q

_______ can cause wetlands to shift back and forth from discharging to recharging

A

fluctuating water table

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17
Q

groundwater availability map of the Philippines was created in what year?

A

1977

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18
Q

a line in two-dimensional groundwater flow field such that the total hydraulic head is the same everywhere on the surface

A

equipotential line

19
Q

t or f: equipotential line is 2D

A

true

20
Q

t or f: in an equipotential line, hydraulic head is equal everywhere on the surface

A

T

21
Q

represents the height of the water table or potentiometric surface of a confined aquifer, above a datum plane

A

equipotential lines

22
Q

connects points or equal head

A

equipotential lines

23
Q

idealized paths followed by particles of water as they move through the aquifer

A

flow lines

24
Q

plays a role in the settlement pattern of many lands

A

spring

25
Q

__________ and __________ are though to have therapeutic value

A

mineralized and thermal

26
Q

mineralized and thermal springs are found along:

A

inactive volcanoes or surface with residual heat

27
Q

springs can be _______ or _________

A

permanent or ephemeral

28
Q

provide simple mechanism of springs

A

topographic low spots

29
Q

forms when water table reaches the surface

A

depression spring

30
Q

where do swamps naturally form?

A

in depression springs where water table is shallow and reaches the surface. over time, trees and shrubs begin to fill in the land.

31
Q

these springs are formed when relatively permeable rocks overlie rocks of low permeability

A

contact spring

32
Q

t or f: depression springs are only formed in unconfined aquifer

A

T

33
Q

are formed when faulting causes groundwater under hydrostatic pressure (such as in confined aquifers) can move up along such faults

A

fault springs

34
Q

are formed at topographic lows when water table reaches the surface due to topographic undulations

A

depression spring

35
Q

are formed when large quantities of water move through the cavities, channels, conduits and other openings developed in limestones.

A

sinkhole springs

36
Q

occur due to existence of jointed or permeable fracture zones in low permeability rocks

A

joint springs

37
Q

are formed whene fractures intersect the land surface, movement of groundwater is mainly through fractures that may tap shallow as well as deep aquifers.

A

fracture spring

38
Q

some of the largest spring are found on

A

limestone bedrocks

39
Q

springs on limestone bedrocks can either be:

A

diffused flow in pores and fractures;
channelized flow in caverns

40
Q

a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface

A

subterranean river

41
Q

a ___________ has a channelized flow in caverns

A

subterranean spring

42
Q

example of subterranean river in the Philippines

A

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River

43
Q

t or f: all surface water interact with groundwater

A

T

Hydrogeology (13 decks)

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