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Introduction to hydrogeology Flashcards

1
Q

a colorless, transparent, tasteless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of fluids of all living organisms.

A

water

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2
Q

the global ocean blankets about ___% of earth’s surface at about ___m

A

71%
3500 meter

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3
Q

planet’s total supply of freshwater is ___%

A

2.56%

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4
Q

of the 2.56% of freshwater, at what percentage are glacial caps, groundwater, surface water, soil moisture, and atmosphere?

A

68.75% - glacial caps / ice
30.07% - groundwater
1.18% - surface, soil, and atmosphere waters

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5
Q

groundwater systems typically provide large volume of freshwater on areas with ________, provided that there are ____________

A

abundant precipitation ; permeable materials within the subsurface

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6
Q

materials that have interconnected pores

A

permeable materials

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7
Q

it refers to the interconnectedness of the pores of a material

A

permeability

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8
Q

percent of water classification (fetter)

A

salt water - 97.2%
glacial ice - 2.14%
groundwater - 0.61%
surface water - 0.009%
soil moisture - 0.005%
atmosphere - 0.001%

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9
Q

earths’ freshwater supply is not evenly distributed across landmasses because

A

different rates of precipitation and subsurface geology

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10
Q

in what region of the globe does much of freshwater fall back into

A

equatiorial region

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11
Q

what is the downside of using surface water for domestic, industrial, irrigation, municipal needs

A

it is easily contaminated

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12
Q

how many percent of water evaporated goes back into the ocean

A

75%

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13
Q

how many percent of water evaporated goes into the surface and groundwater

A

25%

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14
Q

t or f: once groundwater gets contaminated, it is irreversible

A

T

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15
Q

considered as the “elixir of life”

A

water

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16
Q

how many liters of water in average does a person need to consume

A

3 liters

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17
Q

hydrology concerned with the study of the _______, _______, ______, and ____ of all waters on earth

A

occurrence, distribution, movement, and chemistry

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18
Q

difference between hydrology, hydrogeology, and geohydrology

A

hydrology - general study of water
hydrogeology - study of water and its relationship with geologic materials and processes
geohydrology - engineering field dealing with subsurface fluid hydrology

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19
Q

dissolved ions within water

A

salts

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20
Q

water varies in term of their

A

salinity

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21
Q

what is earth’s hydrologic cycle

A

a cycle driven by solar energy which describes the cyclic movement and the transfer of water between the ocean, atmosphere and the land.

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22
Q

the amount of electrically charged atoms or dissolved ions in water

A

salinity

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23
Q

low salinity water is called___
high salinity water is called___

A

freshwater ; salt water

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24
Q

t or f: freshwater with zero salinity still conduct electricity

A

F (does not conduct)

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25
t or f: climates and different areas have varying rates of hydrologic cycle
T
26
precipitation that falls on the land surface may be temporarily stored in ____ as ice, snow, puddles
depression storage
27
is the flow of water over the land surface as
overland flow
28
two types of overland flow
diffuse sheet (laminar) concentrated (turbulence)
29
concentrated flow (turbulent flow) are found in
rills or gullies
30
is the process of seepage of water into the subsurface
infiltration
31
it is known as zone of aeration, the region below the land where soil pores contains air molecule and moisture
vadose zone
32
water stored in vadose zone is called
vadose water
33
the top of the vadose zone is called ___ where the roots of the plant can reach
belt of soil water
34
this term refers to the lateral movement of water in he vadose zone
interflow
35
excess vadose water is pulled downward by the gravity in the process known as
gravity drainage
36
t or f: evaporation is restricted only to surface water
F groundwater gets subjected to evaporation of the water table is shallow groundwater manifest in the surface as springs which can then evaporate plants
37
three classification of vadose water
soil water intermediate vadose water capillary water
38
three parts of the vadose zone
belt of soil water intermediate belt capillary fringe
39
in capillary fringe, water is held in places by:
capillary forces
40
also known as phreatic zone
zone of saturation
41
groundwater contribution to a stream
baseflow
42
total flow in a stream
runoff
43
are water contained within magmas deep in the crust
magmatic water
44
t or f: magmatic water contains solid, liquid, and gas (volatile) components
T
45
the hydrologic cycle operates in what type of system
open system
46
serves as the constant source of energy in hydrologic cyle
the sun
47
t or f: when water changes from one phase to another, accompanying change occurs in the heat energy of the water
t
48
environmental temperatures
0-40 degrees celcius
49
at environmental temperatures, the latent heat of vaporization can be calculated by what formula?
Hv = 597.3-0.564T
50
it is the energy required for water to turn from liquid to vapor
latent heat of vaporization
51
the energy released as water condensates (vapor to liquid)
latent heat of condensation
52
it is the heat required to melt 1g of ice at 0 degree celcius
latent heat of fusion
53
latent heat of fusion is equal to how many cal of heat
79 cal of heat
54
it is a process of turning solid into vapor
sublimation
55
energy required for sublimation
latent heat of fusion plus latent heat of vaporization at 0 degrees celcius this is 677 cal/g
56
freezing of water releases _____ and the formation of frost at _____ releases ______
79 cal/g ; 0 degrees celsius ; 677 cal/g
57
t or f: the transportation of water through the hydrologic cycle and the accompanying heat transfers are vital to the heat balance of the earth
T
58
it is the process of rising of water from the zone of saturation to the vadose zone
capillary rise
59
it is the process of rising of water from the vadose zone to the land surface
vapor movement
60
the process of transfer of water from zone of saturation directly into the ocean
subsea outflow / groundwater outflow
61
this process drives water from the ocean to transfer into magmatic water (lithosphere)
subduction
62
rising of water from lithosphere into the ocean through
seafloor vent
63
water rise from lithosphere to the atmosphere through__
rising magmas in a volcano
64
formula for latent heat of vaporization
Hv = 597.3 - 0.564T
65
provides a quantitaive means of evaluating the hydrologic cycle
hydrologic equation
66
the hydrologic equation is a simple statement of the:
law of conservation of mass
67
hydrologic equation
inflow = outflow +/- change in storage
68
t or f: the hydrologic equation can only be applied to small hydrologic systems
F (hydrologic equation can be applied to small or for an entire continent)
69
t or f: the hydrologic equation is time dependent and the measure of inflow should be the same time period as the measure of outflow
T
70
the basic unit of surface-water hydrology
drainage basin or catchment
71
surface-water boundaries
topographic divides
72
what is a drainage basin
all land area sloping towards a specific discharge point, it it the basic unit of surface water hydrology
73
t or f: in the philippines, aquifers are 1.5x larger than the watershed
False the lithology in the philippines is complex, therefore this theory isn't applicable
74
used to describe the hierarchy of streams from the top to the bottom of a catchment
strahler stream order
75
in hydrogeology, we utilize the concept of:
groundwater basin
76
the subsurface volume through which groundwater flow towards a specific discharge zone
groundwater basin
77
groundwater basin is divided by
groundwater divides
78
t or f: the boundaries of surface water basin and groundwater basin always coincide
F
79
t or f: the water budget of an area must take into account both surface and ground waters
T
80
hydrologic inputs to an area may include
1. precipitation 2. surface water inflow into the area (runoff, overland) 3. groundwater inflow from outside the area 4. artificial input of water through pipes and canals 5. artificial export of water through pipes and canals
81
the changes in storage necessary to balance the hydrologic equation includes changes in the:
1. surface water in streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds 2. ice and snow at the surface 3. temporary depression storage 4. intercepted water on plant surfaces 4. soil moisture in the vadose zone 5. groundwater below the water
82
someone who studies the ways that groundwater movers through the soil and rock of the earth
hydrogeologist
83
t or f: water is one of the substances with highest heat capacity
T
84
Earth rise Blue marble
apollo 8, dec 1968 apollo 17, dec 1972
85
average temperature in the philippines
27-28 degree celcius
86
environmental temperatures
0-40 degrees celcius

Hydrogeology (13 decks)

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