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Regenerating places 5 > Regional and national influences > Flashcards

Regional and national influences Flashcards

1
Q

What % of London residents are UK born?

A

63.3 (36.7% foreign born)

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2
Q

Describe the rise in crime in England and Wales in 2013/14

A

44,480 hate crimes recorded
37,484 race hate
2,273 religious hate

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3
Q

Why do many foreign migrants go into work in elderly care homes?

A
  • Unwanted by young national workers

- Many come from traditions valuing close extended family

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4
Q

Define ‘diaspora’

A

A scattered population whose origin lies within a similar geographic locale clustering in groups forming their own communities

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5
Q

Regional influences of how and why places change:

  • How strong sense of (1)
  • (2) inclinations of the local county councils
  • Any (3) or metropolitan areas policies on (4)
A

1 - community is
2 - political
3 - regional enterprise zones
4 - growth and development

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6
Q

National influences of how and why places change:

  • Impact on major (1) nearby
  • Place is directly affected by government (2)
  • (3) inclinations of the national government
A

1 - cities
2 - designations
3 - political

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7
Q

Global influences of how and why places change:

  • Any (1) in retail outlets, factories or offices
  • Involvement in (2)
A

1 - global brands

2 - global tourism

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8
Q

Name one international influence of how and why a place may change

A

If the place is directly affected by EU policies or designations

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9
Q

Give four regional, national, global and international influences of how and why a place may change

A
  • Accessibility to London/ major cities in UK
  • How well connected the place is to the internet
  • Transport connections to other places
  • Any pressures for change
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10
Q

What is the purpose of Myrdal’s model?

A

Shows what happens when an industry comes into an area and attracts employees and supporting industries and to show what makes a region successful

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11
Q

Describe Myrdal’s Model

A

New industry > more jobs > purchasing power > pool of trained labour > demand for services > population rises and immigration > tertiary sector grows > innovation > attracts linked industries

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12
Q

What problems can be caused by a successfully regenerated place?

A
  • two-tier class system
  • workers in poorer paid jobs are priced out of housing
  • skill shortage in quaternary and quinary sectors
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13
Q

What solutions can be proposed to solve the problems caused by a successfully regenerated place?

A
  • training and recruitment even overseas

- build affordable homes for workers

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14
Q

Sydney: successful regeneration case study

  • 2015 population growth of (1) in four years
  • (2)% of population are foreign born
  • Loughborough Uni called Sydney third (3)
  • 2013 GRP = (4)
  • Leading financial centre for (5) district
A 
1 - 400,000
2 - 30 
3 - alpha city behind London and NYC 
4 - $337 billion 
5 - Asia-Pacific
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15
Q

Sydney

  • hosts (1) of TNC regional HQs
  • Median age = (2), London = (3) so economically active workforce but causing decline elsewhere
  • Low (4) but greater in the western suburbs despite high employment
  • (5) allows trading with USA, UK and Asia
A 
1 - two-thirds 
2 - 36 
3 - 41
4 - multiple deprivation 
5 - time zone
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16
Q

How did Sydney embrace globalisation in 1985?

A
  • de-regulating banking

- inward migration policy on well qualified professionals

17
Q

Sydney

  • Average income of (1)
  • Most expensive place to live in (2)
  • (3)th in the world for QoL
  • (4) of foreign banks in Australia have regional HQs in Sydney
A

1 - $82,000/yr
2 - Australia
3 - 10
4 - 40/43

18
Q

Describe the location of Berkshire

A

M4 runs East <> West
Heathrow airport to the East
River Thames to the West
Wide, flat floodplain which is ideal for high-quality urban living and work

19
Q

Why is Berkshire a successful region?

A
  • Population increase of 6.4% in 10 years
  • High employment rates
  • Principal towns e.g. Reading host major ICT companies
  • Slough trading estate is the UK’s largest industrial park and hosts HQs of many TNCs e.g. O2
  • Well qualified workforce (estimated to need an additional 70,000 by 2020)
  • Historical villages host royalty and many TV dramas and film settings
20
Q

Why are some places less successful?

A
  • deindustrialisation so employees require new skill set or spiral of economic decay
  • QoL reflects multiple deprivation
21
Q

Detroit case study

  • Built for 2 million but current population of (1)
  • Overseas companies produce cheaper (2)
  • Car industry in competition with (3)
  • (4) of mining to cut costs
  • Lower wage costs in the (5) causing over (6) job losses
  • Between 2000-2012 the population decreased (7)
A 
1 - 673,000
2 - Coal and steel 
3 - Japan 
4 - Mechanisation 
5 - South-East 
6 - 80,000
7 - 26.6%
22
Q

Causes of Detroit’s decline:

  • (1) workers were made to compete against each other and town planners made (2)
  • (3) meant that people opted for smaller, fuel-efficient cars
  • the Big Three directly employed (4) but now only employ (5) in the US
A 
1 - Black and white 
2 - Segregated living areas 
3 - 1970s oil crisis
4 - 1.5 million 
5 - 250,000
23
Q

Causes of Detroit’s decline:

  • (1) and (2) riots caused by ethnic tension
  • Tax increased as (3) decreased
  • US firms failed to (4) of their cars
  • The Big three were predominant and so prevented (5)
A 
1 - 1943
2 - 1967
3 - Population 
4 - Innovate the design 
5 - Development of other industries
24
Q

Effects of Detroit’s decline:

  • In 2009 alone, (1) schools closed
  • (2) due to ethnic unjust
  • Unemployment rate at (3)
  • (4)% of adults are illiterate
  • (5) robbed empty factories and looting of homes
A 
1 - 29 
2 - white flight 
3 - 28%
4 - 47%
5 - Scavengers
25
Q

Effects of Detroit’s decline

  • Most jobs are (1)
  • Nearly (2) children live below the poverty line
  • Property prices fallen by (3)
  • Only (4) GM workers remain compared to 100,000
  • Approx (5) of the city is empty or unused
A 
1 - low paying 
2 - half 
3 - 80%
4 - 6,000
5 - one-third
26
Q

Middlesborough

  • (1) since the early 1980s
  • Approx (2) have out migrated since 1990
  • Decline worsened by (3)
  • 2015 closure of (4)
  • Many shops forced to close after large (5) closed down due to custom decrease
A 
1 - deindustrialisation
2 - 20,000
3 - 2008 economic recession 
4 - SSI steelworks in Redcar 
5 - chain stores
27
Q

Middlesborough

  • Local unemployment is (1) the national average
  • In (2)% of the town’s working age households, there is no one in paid employment
  • 10% of wards are in the worst (3)% of deprived areas in the England
  • Average house prices dropped (4) the national average
  • Cost of (5) rising by 10% a year
A 
1 - almost double 
2 - 30 
3 - 1
4 - less than half
5 - fly-tipping
28
Q

Middlesborough

  • (1) of students attend a ‘requires improvement’ school
  • Council’s ability to regenerate is restricted by reductions in (2)
  • Requires (3) to prevent continued decline
  • Regeneration aims to involve their (4) heritage
A

1 - one half
2 - welfare spending
3 - private investment
4 - industrial

29
Q

What are the major concerns for West Berkshire?

A
  • Skill shortages
  • Lack of higher education provision
  • Small pockets of deprivation
  • Over-reliance on key businesses
  • Lack of affordable housing in commuter villages
30
Q

What are the main priorities for West Berkshire?

A
  • Deliver 10,500 homes on brownfield land
  • Encourage a mix of house size and tenure
  • Invest in sustainable public transport
  • Super fast Broadband deployment plan
31
Q

What are the major concerns for Middlesborough?

A
  • Sink estates

- Gap in educational attainment

32
Q

What are the main priorities for Middlesborough?

A
  • Protect and enhance sports facilities
  • Invest £215 million to create 1,500 jobs, 100 new homes and a new police HQ
  • Build new high-quality housing
33
Q

What factors do less successful places have less of?

A
  • trust in authority
  • educational attainment
  • social participation
  • social mobility
  • attachment to a place
34
Q

What factors do less successful places have more of?

A
  • segregation of socio-economic groups
  • crime
  • health problems
  • infant mortality
35
Q

Define ‘sink estate’

A

Housing estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially domestic violence, drug use and gang welfare

Regenerating places 5 (5 decks)

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