Region

Question 1

Howard Giles - 1970
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 1

Matched Guise Study
Asses how far responses to speakers were due to individual accents alone or to his/her character
Find out conc

Question 2

Paul Kerswill - 2003
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 2

Dialect Levelling
Features of dialect merging into other dialects by social constructs and geographical diffusion

Question 3

T-Glottaling

Answer 3

Wa(t)er
Bu(tt)er
Dropping the t sound

Question 4

L-Vocalisation

Answer 4

Girw(l)s
Fiw(l)m
Replacing L sound with w or oo sounds

Question 5

David Rosewarne - 1984
Study?
Examples?
Conclusion?

Answer 5

Estuary English
Type of accent identified as spreading outwards from London and containing other features of both RP and London Speech
E.g. Adele, Ricky gervais, Jamie Oliver
T-glottaling, l-vocalisation

Question 6

Paul Kerswill - 2003

Answer 6

Th-fronting study
Replacing ‘th’ sound
E,g, Fink and bovvered

Question 7

Kevin Watson - 2008 & 2010
Study?
What did he do?
Conclusion?

Answer 7

Liverpool study
Testing evaluative reaction towards all 5 regional varieties in terms of status and solidarity
Reacted mainly to the Liverpudlian accent and the ‘h’ dropping

Question 8

William Labov - 1966 (NY)
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 8

New York Study
Overt prestige of pre-consonantal r - wether it changed depending on social class
Higher class people pronounced r more frequently than those of a lower class

Question 9

William Labov - 1961
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 9

Martha’s Vineyard Study
Covert prestige of the New England Chilmark fisherman pronunciation of [aw] [mouse) and [ay] (mice)

Question 10

Peter Trudgill - 1974
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 10

Norwich Study
Gender differences between ‘walking and talking’ vs ‘walkin’ and ‘talkin’
Appearance of ‘s’ in ‘go’ and ‘goes’

Question 11

James and Lesley Milroy - 1977
Study?

Answer 11

Belfast Study
Closed and open social networks

Question 12

Basil Bernstein - 1971
Study?
Conclusion?

Answer 12

Restricted and Elaborated Code
Lower class speakers tend to use restricted code, whereas middle class speakers tend to use elaborated code ( can use both)