Regents Vocab-Type 1 Flashcards
Active Transport
Cells that do need to use energy go against the concentration gradient and can go through protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Amino acids
molecules that combine to form proteins
Cell
The smallest unit that can perform all life processes
Cell Membrane
A phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
Cellular respiration
The process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates
Chloroplasts
an organelle found in plants and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Circulation
The flow of fluid through the tissues of an organism to allow for the transport and exchange of blood gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Cytoplasm
The region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid the cytoskeleton and all of the organelles except the nucleus
Digestion
The breakdown of food into chemical substances that can be used for energy
Diffusion
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
Enzymes
A molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
Excretion
The process of eliminating metabolic wastes
Homeostasis
a self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions
Hormone
A substance that is made in one cell or tissue and that causes a change in another cell or tissue located in a different part of the body
Immunity
The ability to resist or recover from an infection disease
Inorganic
not being or consisting of living material
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an Organism
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of a cell
Nucleus
contains the cell’s DNA and gives out directions to parts of the cell
Organ
The collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Organelle
One of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to form a specific function
Organic
relating to or derived from living matter.
Receptor molecule
A protein that binds specific signal molecules, which causes the cell to respond
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment
Reproduction
The process of producing offspring
Ribosomes
A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein. The site of protein synthesis
Simple Sugars
the most basic forms of sugar
Synthesis
the production of chemical compounds
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform in common function
Vacuole
A fluid-filled vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells or protozoans
