Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Passive Transport

A

Cells that don’t need to use energy go with a concentration gradient and can go through diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

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2
Q

Active Transport

A

Cells that do need to use energy go against the concentration gradient and can go through protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.

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3
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. They’re 3 types: Hypertonic higher concentration of solutes than water, hypotonic lower concentration of solvents and a higher concentration of water, and isotonic solution where it is balance of solute than the cytoplasm.

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4
Q

concentration gradient

A

a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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6
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane

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7
Q

Protein Pump

A

transport proteins that require energy to work to move molecules across the cellular membrane against a concentration gradient.

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8
Q

Endocytosis

A

Taking bulky material into a cell

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9
Q

Exocytosis

A

forces material out of a cell in a bulk

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10
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space

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11
Q

Carrier protein

A

a protein then transports substances across the cell membrane

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12
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made-up of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. All cells arrives from existing cells.

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13
Q

Cell Wall.

A

gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keeps its shape.

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The region of the cell within the membrane

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15
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins

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16
Q

Eukaryotes

A

an organism made-up of cells that have a nucleus and a membrane-bound organelles

17
Q

Flagellum

A

a long hair like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Helps ship and package materials to be transported out of the cell

19
Q

Lysosomes.

A

Breakdown worn out cell parts and other wastes.

20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.

21
Q

Nucleus

A

contains the cell’s DNA and gives out directions to parts of the cell

22
Q

organ

A

collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

23
Q

Organ system

A

a group of organs that work together to perform body functions

24
Q

Organelle

A

one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function

25
Prokaryotes
a single-celled organism that doesn't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
26
Receptor protein
a protein that binds specific signal molecules which causes the cell to respond
27
Ribosomes
a cell organelle where protein synthesis occurs
28
Second messenger
a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane which produces a change in cellular function
29
Signal
anything that serves to direct guide or warn
30
Sodium potassium pump
a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
31
Tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function
32
Vacuoles
Stores fluids
33
Vesicle
a small cavity or sack that contains materials in a eukaryote cell
34
Cell Membrane
Gives structure and shape. Tells what comes in and out. Cell recognition
35
Cytolysis
cells burst bc plenty of water (hypotonic)
36
Plasmolysis
cell swells bc loss of water (hypertonic)
37
Cell Surface Markers
Identify the cell type
38
Channel Proteins
can let Ions, sugars, and amino acids diffuse through the cell membrane with the right size and charge
39
thylakoids
contains components for photosynthesi