Cell Flashcards
Passive Transport
Cells that don’t need to use energy go with a concentration gradient and can go through diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
Active Transport
Cells that do need to use energy go against the concentration gradient and can go through protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. They’re 3 types: Hypertonic higher concentration of solutes than water, hypotonic lower concentration of solvents and a higher concentration of water, and isotonic solution where it is balance of solute than the cytoplasm.
concentration gradient
a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
Diffusion
random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane
Protein Pump
transport proteins that require energy to work to move molecules across the cellular membrane against a concentration gradient.
Endocytosis
Taking bulky material into a cell
Exocytosis
forces material out of a cell in a bulk
Equilibrium
a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
Carrier protein
a protein then transports substances across the cell membrane
Cell theory
All living things are made-up of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. All cells arrives from existing cells.
Cell Wall.
gives the cell strength and stiffness and helps the cell keeps its shape.
Cytoplasm
The region of the cell within the membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle that helps ribosomes build proteins
Eukaryotes
an organism made-up of cells that have a nucleus and a membrane-bound organelles
Flagellum
a long hair like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move
Golgi apparatus
Helps ship and package materials to be transported out of the cell
Lysosomes.
Breakdown worn out cell parts and other wastes.
Mitochondria
Breaks down sugar and release energy that the cell can use for all of its activities.
Nucleus
contains the cell’s DNA and gives out directions to parts of the cell
organ
collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
Organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
Organelle
one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
Prokaryotes
a single-celled organism that doesn’t have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Receptor protein
a protein that binds specific signal molecules which causes the cell to respond
Ribosomes
a cell organelle where protein synthesis occurs
Second messenger
a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane which produces a change in cellular function
Signal
anything that serves to direct guide or warn
Sodium potassium pump
a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
Tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function
Vacuoles
Stores fluids
Vesicle
a small cavity or sack that contains materials in a eukaryote cell
Cell Membrane
Gives structure and shape. Tells what comes in and out. Cell recognition
Cytolysis
cells burst bc plenty of water (hypotonic)
Plasmolysis
cell swells bc loss of water (hypertonic)
Cell Surface Markers
Identify the cell type
Channel Proteins
can let Ions, sugars, and amino acids diffuse through the cell membrane with the right size and charge
thylakoids
contains components for photosynthesi
