regenerative medicine Flashcards
what is regenerative medicine?
the idea you can replaced damaged cells in the body with stem cells
what does regenerative medicine link?
tissue engineering, biomaterials and stem cell therapy
what are the defining characteristics of stem cells?
- Undifferentiated
- Can divide indefinitely
- Self-renewing – can replace itself and expand the stem cell pool
- Give rise to progeny that differentiate into specialised cells
what is pluripotent?
can differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers
naturally occurs in the embryo
what is totipotent
can differentiate into cells derived from any of the three germ layers or the placenta
what is multipotent?
can give rise to several specialised cells or tissues of an organism (often tissue-specific – occur within differentiated tissues like bone marrow)
what is oligopotent?
can generate a few cell types within a particular tissue
what is unipotent?
can produce only one cell type but still capable of self-renewal
what are haemopoietic stem cells?
multipotent stem cell that can give rise to bare cells
what maintains and defines stem cells?
by the environment produced by surrounding differentiated cells
what may differentiated cells do?
o secrete specific factors into the surrounding matrix
o communicate with the stem cells via gap junctions
what can changes in a stem cell niche cause?
may induce a stem cell to die, divide or differentiate
what is symmetric cell division?
produces 2 identical stem cells or 2 identical differentiated cells
what does assymetric cell division produce?
stem cell and differentiated cell
what are the ethical issues of using embryonic stem cells?
ethical issue of consent and killing the embryo
what are the layers of the gastrula?
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm