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human development > anatomy of the pelvis > Flashcards

anatomy of the pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what bones make up the bony pelvis?

A

right and left hip bone and the sacrum

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2
Q

where does the bony pelvis join anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

anteriorly - pubic symphysis

posteriorly - sacro-iliac joint

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3
Q

what kind of a joint is the sacro-iliac joint?

A

Partially cartilaginous, partially synovial

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4
Q

what bones make up the bony pelvis?

A

ilium, ischium and pelvis

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5
Q

what holds together the bones of the acetabulum?

A

triradiate cartilage

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6
Q

what is the triradiate cartilage?

A

Y shaped cartilage between the bones

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7
Q

what is the ASIS in vertical alignment with?

A

pubic symphysis

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8
Q

what is ASIS?

A

Bony protuberance found where the iliac crest ends. Attachment of sartorius and inguinal ligament.

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9
Q

what is AIIS and what muscle attaches to it?

A

just below ASIS. Attachment of rectus femoris muscle of quadriceps.

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10
Q

what is the pubis?

A

V shaped bone made up of the superior and inferior pubic ramus

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11
Q

what attaches to the pubic tubercle?

A

inguinal ligament

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12
Q

what foramen is pubis the border of?

A

obturator foramen

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13
Q

what muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity?

A

hamstrings

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14
Q

what are the borders of the pelvic inlet?

A

pubic symphysis, iliopectineal lines, sacral promontory.

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15
Q

what makes up the borders of the pelvic outlet?

A

pubic arch, ischial tuberosity, coccyx

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16
Q

what cavity is the pelvic cavity continuous with?

A

abdominal cavity

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17
Q

what is the true/lesser pelvis?

A

region of the pelvis between the inlet and outlet, containing pelvic organs only

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18
Q

what is the false/greater pelvis?

A

region of the pelvis above the inlet which also contains abdominal organs

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19
Q

what are the functions of the pelvis?

A

weight bearing
locomotion
child bearing (women)

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20
Q

do males or females have the largest pelvic outlet?

A

females

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21
Q

describe the female pelvis?

A
  • Has to be adapted for child birth
  • Wide sub-pubic angle (greater than 80°)
  • Wide pelvic inlet and outlet
  • Bones have thin and light structure
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22
Q

describe the male pelvis

A
  • Larger muscles attaching to them  thicker bones, but narrow bony pelvis
  • Narrow sub-pubic angle (less than 70°)
  • Narrow pelvic inlet and outlet
  • Thick and heavy structure
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23
Q

how can you tell the difference between a male and female pelvis?

A

look at the angle under the pubic symphysis
• Female pelvis: angle between the thumb and the index finger is the angle under PS
• Male pelvis: angle between the index and middle finger is the angle under PS

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24
Q

what methods can be used to measure the pelvis?

A

radiography

manually

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25
Q

where is the smallest distance within the pelvic inlet?

A

between sacral promontory and pubic symphysis

fixed bony distance

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26
Q

what is the smallest distance of the pelvic outlet?

A

interspinous distance

Distance between the ischial spines on each side

Not a fixed distance

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27
Q

what are the 4 shapes of the female pelvis?

A

o Android
o Anthropod – oval pelvic inlet
o Gynecoid – most common. Has a round pelvic inlet and outlet. Ideal shape for child bearing (hence why it’s so common)
o Platypelloid – oval pelvic inlet

28
Q

what is the most common shape of the female pelvis?

A

gynecoid

29
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach?

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

30
Q

where is the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

between sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament

31
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament attach?

A

attached from outer edge of sacrum/coccyx to spine of the ischium

32
Q

where is the greater sciatic foramen?

A

between sacrospinous ligament and bony pelvis

33
Q

what muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

piriformis

34
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic foramen under the piriformis muscle?

A

inferior gluteal neurovascular passes through along with pudendal nerve

35
Q

describe the pathway of the pudendal nerve

A
  • Leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

* Enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

36
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle?

A

superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

37
Q

where is the sacroiliac ligament?

A

situated in deep depression between sacrum and ilium

38
Q

what does relaxin do and when is it released?

A

During pregnancy, the hormone relaxin causes ligaments to relax, permitting a 10-15% increase in pelvic diameter.

39
Q

what is the inferior border of the external oblique muscles?

A

inguinal ligaments

40
Q

what does the inguinal ligament attach to?

A

ASIS and the pubic tubercle

41
Q

where is the obturator membrane found?

A

almost completely closes off the obturator foramen

42
Q

what passes through the obturator foramen and where do these structures go?

A

Obturator artery, nerve and vein pass through this foramen towards the medial compartment of the thigh

43
Q

what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • Gluteal arteries, veins, nerves
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Internal pudendal artery
44
Q

what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • Pudendal nerve

* Internal pudendal artery

45
Q

what are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4 somatic

46
Q

what does pudendal nerve innervate?

A

Provides motor and sensory innervation to the perineum

47
Q

what does the abdominal aorta divide into?

A

common iliac arteries

48
Q

what do the common iliac arteries divide into?

A

external and internal iliac arteries

49
Q

what are the 4 major arteries that leave the pelvis?

A

superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
obturator artery
internal pudendal artery

50
Q

why are there different arteries within the pelvis in men and women?

A

because they have different viscera

51
Q

what are the arteries in the pelvis of women and what do they supply?

A

superior vesicular arteries - supply the bladder
uterine artery - going to the uterus
middle rectal artery - goes towards the rectum

52
Q

what is the main branch of the uterine artery and what does it supply?

A

vaginal branc

supplies the vagina

53
Q

what does the superior rectal artery branch off?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

54
Q

what does the inferior rectal artery branch off?

A

pudendal artery

55
Q

what are the arteries in the pelvis in males?

A

superior vesicular arteries
inferior vesicular arteries
middle rectal artery

56
Q

what do the inferior vesicular arteries supply?

A

the inferior portion of the bladder

supplies the prostate gland

57
Q

what is the pelvic floor?

A

a muscular sheet which closes the pelvic outlet. Slightly curved

58
Q

what is above and below the pelvic floor?

A

Main pelvic cavity above, the perineum below.

59
Q

what makes up the pelvic floor?

A

• Made up by levator ani muscles, coccygeus muscles and their covering fascia. Incomplete anteriorly (urethra/vagina)

60
Q

what muscles make up the levator ani?

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
coccygeus/ischiococcygeus

61
Q

what is the puborectalis?

A

muscular sling from bone around rectoanal junction  Muscle fibres go from pubic bone, looping around the rectum and going back to the pubic bone

62
Q

what is the function of the puborectalis muscle?

A

maintain anal angle at the ano-rectal junction (kinks the rectum to create a right angle - important for anal continence)
o During defecation there is relaxation of the puborectalis muscle which will straighten out the recto-anal angle.

63
Q

where is the pubococcygeus muscle found?

A

Muscle fibres which go from pubic bone and extend back to the coccyx and back to the pubic bone on the other side.

64
Q

where is the coccygeus muscle found?

A

muscle which goes from the ischial spine to the coccyx

65
Q

where is the piriformis found?

A

originates at the sacrum, passes through greater sciatic foramen to attach to the posterior aspect of the femur

66
Q

where is the obturator internus found?

A

leaves pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen. Covers obturator foramen. Enters gluteal region to attach onto the posterior aspect of femur

human development (20 decks)

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