pelvic viscera and perineum Flashcards
why is there more space in the male pelvis?
most organs are outside
what organs are found in the male pelvis?
bladder and rectum
what organs are found in the female pelvis?
bladder
uterus
vagina
rectum
why is the female bladder smaller than the male?
less room in the female pelvis
what is the urinary bladder?
Hollow muscular organ found in the anterior part of the bony pelvis behind the pubic symphysis
what muscle makes up the urinary bladder?
specialised smooth muscle - detrusor muscle
what nervous control is detrusor muscle under?
autonomic
what effect does sympathetic innervation have on the detrusor muscle?
relaxes the muscle
allows filling of the bladder
what does the ureter do?
drains urine from the kidneys into the bladder
what does the urethra do?
removes urine that’s being stored in the bladder inferiorly
what is the trigone?
smooth triangular region on the posterior aspect between the ureter and urethra
which is shorter; the male or female urethra?
female
describe the course of the female urethra?
goes from bladder, through the pelvic floor and into the perineum
describe the course of the male urethra?
travels through the prostate gland, the pelvic floor and through the penis
why are women more susceptible to UTIs?
shorter urethra
what are the 3 regions of the male urethra and where are they?
o Prostatic – part that passes through the prostate gland
o Membranous – through the pelvic floor
o Spongy/penile – usually longest part, travels through the penis
what type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter?
skeletal
what does the external urethral sphincter control?
Controls flow of urine out of the urethra
which gender has an external urethral sphincter?
both genders
what nervous supply controls the external urethral sphincter?
somatic control - voluntary
where is the external urethral sphincter found?
level of the pelvic floor
which gender has an internal urethral sphincter?
only men
what muscle makes up the internal urethral spincter?
smooth muscle
where is the internal urethral spincter found?
Found at the base of the bladder, above the prostate gland
what are the functions of the internal urethral sphincter?
- serves a dual purpose for both urination and ejaculation
- Internal urethral sphincter contracts during ejaculation to prevent either retrograde flow of semen into bladder or to stop urination during ejaculation
what nerve supply goes to the bladder?
autonomic supply bc its smooth muscle
has both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
what are the roots of the sympathetic innervation of the bladder?
T12 - L2
comes from descending sympathetic fibres
what does sympathetic innervation to the bladder do?
relaxes detrusor muscle (allows filling of the bladder) and contracts internal urethral sphincter
what are the roots of the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder?
S2-S4
what does parasympathetic innervation to the bladder do?
contract detrusor muscle (for urination) and relax internal urethral sphincter
what nerve controls the external urethral sphincter?
somatic control via the pudendal nerve S2-S4
name the structures of the male reproductive system in order of how sperm would leave the body
- Testis
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Ejaculatory duct
- Prostate gland
- Urethra
where do gonads develop and where do they descend?
Gonads develop in the abdomen and during foetal development descend in to pelvis through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.
how does the blood supply and the nervous supply of the testes and scrotum differ? what effect does this have on different types of cancers?
scrotum - takes local pattern of skin in the area
testes - from abdomen
Testicular and scrotal cancers spread differently
what is the tunica vaginalis and its function?
pouch of peritoneum formed by the descent of the testes. Allows the free movement of the testes
what are the seminiferous tubules?
site of spermatozoa production
travel to rete testis
drain into epididymis
what is the epididymis and what is it continuous with?
storage site for spermatozoa
a long coiled tube which becomes continuous with the vas deferens.