Regeneration case studies Flashcards
Stratford regeneration case study
-The median age in Stratford is 29 (younger population)
-Relatively high unemployment rate at 12% 63Y.
-Ethic Change from 2001-2011 decline in white; big increase in
mixed, Asian, and small increase in black.
-Relatively high life expectancy at 77
-Ofsted reports at schools are mostly good or outstanding e.g.
School21- outstanding
-Percentage of people full time employed (49+ hours) 13.8%
- Election turnout 59% EU referendum
-Less local engagement in community groups unless reacting
against something e.g. E15 mums
-Average earnings £581 per week (skewed by very high earnings
of some in this borough).
-Most people here have jobs in the tertiary sector or quaternary
sector.
-IMD 30% most deprived
-Income 40% most deprived
-Crime and housing 10% most deprived
-Education 50% least deprived
-6% of people here own their own home
-18% rent from the council
-Media often depicts the borough as the poor eat end of London
-Median house price here is £427,000
-Olympics showed Stratford to the world (start of regeneration)
and made Stratford a tourist and commercial destination.
-Stratford used to be and industrial are with the London docklands
in the 1970’s and 1980’s
-The whole area used to be cockneys and is now the most
diverse city in the whole of Europe
-Europe’s largest shopping centre is located here (Westfield)
- This area has been gentrified and this has led to the growing
division of terms and services between the Olympic Park and the
old town
- The shift of secondary industry to Asia has caused
deindustrialisation and an increase in unemployment rate
-Stratford has attracted TNC’s to move headquarters there
because of the Olympics e.g., deutsche bank, TfL and UNICEF
-House prices in the last 5 years have gone up by 3.2%
-Lots of inequality in Stratford through housing, education and
average income.
-Lots of big projects in Stratford to increase affordable housing for
people
- Huge life expectancy difference between people working in the
professional sector and those working in the informal sector (over
7-year life expectancy difference).
-Very good connectivity with London and the world
- Unemployment rate lower than UK average at 6.3%
-Has two speed economy which means that disposable income is
constantly spent and turns into cycle
-Most people are working class, but some have good jobs at Canary Wharf
Southwold regeneration case study
- Median age here is 57 (aging population)
-Unemployment rate here is 5.5% (lower than UK average)
-Ethnic change from 2001-2011 small increase in white; mixed
doubled, big increase in Asian. Still very homogenous
-Life expectancy very high at 80
-Ofsted require some improvement or even inadequate e.g.
-Wallen school- inadequate - Full time employed (49 hours +) 16%
-Election turnout 53% voted EU referendum
-More local engagement in community groups e.g., petition against
costa coffee
-Average earnings is £554 per week
-More skilled trades and managers that UK average but fewer
people in secondary industry
-IMD 50% least deprived
-Income 50% least deprived
-Crime 30% least deprived
-Housing/services 10% least deprived
-Education 20% most deprived
-56% of people own their own home
-9% rent form the council
-Media represents it as a popular tourist destination
-Average house price there is 350,000
-Lots of second homeowners have homes there
-Most jobs in tertiary or services sector
-During Victorian times used as a big fishing port with a strong
sense of community
-Now popular high-end tourist spot because of second home
owners
-Southwold does not have good connectivity with only one road
going to it and nearest airport is south end
-Lots of young people have emigrated because not many jobs
there
-Conservative dominated are like many rural places
-Population decreasing because of young people emigrating - Deindustrialization and decline in fish stocks cost people a lot of
jobs in Southwold
-Big tourist attraction in Southwold Adnams beer brewery
-Hard to build houses in the area because people want to protect
the land
-House prices go up because can’t build many more houses
Increase in 12.2% from 5 years ago
-20% of children live in low-income families
-Exporting fish to Europe is closed down
Heathrow airport expansion- cost/benefit case study
Cost:
- Noise pollution and air pollution would increase
- Biggest emitter of CO2-John Stewart- increase in CO2 emissions
- Only 12% of air travel is directly business
- Better long-term alternatives- e.g., Thames’s estuary hub airport
- Decrease in travel due to more online teleconferencing
- 725,000 people live in flight path and not ideal place for this people argue
Benefit:
- Planes becoming more efficient fuel wise
- Cheapest way to increase capacity
- Double as many flights to worlds key business centres
- Huge amount of job opportunities
- Air travel more popular
- More jobs if made next to Heathrow
HS2 Railway case study
- Planned speed railway in the UK its first phase under construction and further stages waiting approval- will be second major high speed railway line in Britain- will link London, Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds
Pros: - Provides upgrade to some terminal stations in London
- Stop divide between North and South
- Increase capacity and reliability to combat rising passenger numbers
Cons: - Some people say the railway is not financially or environmentally stable
- Project estimated to cost £88.7 billion
- Phase one estimated that more than 400 houses will be demolished
- 108 woodlands will be damaged due to HS2
- 5.8-6.2 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions
Science parks- Oxford/Cambridge case study
- Set up to utilise the ideas coming out of university to make money
- Oxford built science park on the suburbs, and they are planning to build new shopping centre and second railway
- As Cambridge are in competition with oxford they have also built science park
Enterprise Zone- Cambridge case study
- Enterprise zones are zones where business can be done on reduced rates to attract business and FDI
- Offers business tax discounts for companies and simplified planning processes
- Tax relief allows them to invest in new machinery and local communities get 100% business rates growth and 5 years business discount
FDI in prime London real estate- impacts growth for investment case study
Deregulation of capital markets by conservative government- foreign financial companies and individuals were allowed to invest in London’s property market
- Many saw London as a ‘safe haven’ and invested vast amounts of money in many parts of London property
- Led to lots of regeneration in many parts of London and apartment blocks sold abroad help fund other regeneration- Battersea power station renovation
- Also led to flow of investment into UK’s infrastructure and large companies
Measuring success of Stratford’s regeneration case study
Economic:
- Olympic sold all their venues- compared to Athens who did not – now Olympic area is abandoned and in debt
- Media centre sold for £300m- data centre for infinity
- 4,000 residents employed in Westfield
- Good connectivity
- £701m- 3% over budget for Olympic games
- Increase in house prices
- Some businesses had to be relocated- foreman’s
Social:
- 2,814 homes built (40%) affordable- 8000 people
- New schools built- Cobham academy
- Some jobs created in construction
- Increase in unemployment in Tower Hamlets
- Clay lane estate demolished
Environmental:
- Made from 25% recycled materials
- Canals cleaned up and water purified
- Olympic games produced 3.3 million tonnes of CO2
- Olympic Park built on brownfield land- had been neglected
- Much of the wildlife had to be relocated
Cornwall- rural rebranding case study
Superfast Cornwall to bring broadband to Cornwall- 45% of houses get this fibre broadband
- This helps transform businesses and productivity and reliability- international
- Eden project- domes of different ecosystems- attracting 75,000 people per year- jobs and income- but seasonal income
- Tate St. Ives- Art gallery chain opened in 1993 employs 60 people full time- built on old gas works and Barbara hepworth – famous artist
- Literacy associations promoted on visit Cornwall website- wind in the willow cruise and beautiful scenery- helps overall tourism here
- Farm diversification- open farm shop- lobby farm shop- help provide local farmers a way to sell produce- increases overall income
- Fifteen Cornwall- Big restaurant in popular area- 70 people employed year round and all profits go to Cornwall
Liverpool- Urban rebranding case study
- MDC development and use of Liverpool’s industrial heritage- regeneration
- Restored docks to increase tourism- very popular and UNESCO world heritage site
- Improved scenery- knocked down old buildings
- Increase tourism and positive multiplier effect
- Visit Liverpool website- make it easy for people to visit Liverpool and good marketing-attracts tourism- not very effective
- Liverpool One shopping centre regeneration
- New housing and retail easy access
- Opened in 2006 with 160 stores- creates lots of jobs
- Attracts people to live in the area
- Capital of culture winning bid- creating Liverpool Museum of life, maritime museum and increased arts
- Helps overall art scene in Liverpool
- Tourism based music and sports
- Birthplace of beatles and 2 premier league teams- attracts people here
