Regeneration and Repair Flashcards
What is neurogenesis?
The productions of new neuronal cells from precursor populations that subsequently produce neurites to make connections with host cells.
What area of the brain is most active in terms of neurogenesis and why?
The hippocampus. The hippocampus plays a vital function in memory consolidation and learning.
What cells are precursors of all neural cells?
Neuroepithelial cells.
What are the three types of stem cells?
Totopotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
What are totipotent stem cells?
Cells that give rise to all embryonic somatic cells and germ cells- give rise to an entire organism.
Include the zygote and a few early cells of the morula.
Cells of which germ layer differentiate into the brain?
Ectoderm layer cells.
What are examples of totipotent cells?
Zygote and some cells of the early morula.
What are pluripotent stem cells?
They are descendants of totipotent stem cells and can give rise to cells of the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and the endoderm.
What are multipotent stem cells?
Produce cells of a particular lineage or closely related family.
What are the three sources of pluripotent cells?
- Fusion of somatic and embryonic stem cells
- Nuclear transfer ES cells
- Induced pluripotent stem cells.
What is axonogenesis?
If the axon of a peripheral nerve is cut, it is able to reinforce connections. Additionally, other axons running parallel can take on the role of the damaged axon.
