Learning and Memory Flashcards
What is learning?
Process by which knowledge of the world is acquired. Not innate.
What is memory?
The process by the knowledge of the world is encoded, stored and retrieved.
What is intelligence?
General mental capability that involves the ability to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and from experience.
What are the four stages of memory?
Acquisition, Retention/Encoding, Consolidation, Retrieval.
What does acquisition depend on?
Attention, motivation, ability to learn.
What is acquisition?
Sensory information is perceived and acquired.
What is retention/encoding?
The perceived item of interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored in the brain. Requires consolidation to commit to longer memory.
What is consolidation?
Stabilisation of memory trace after acquisition.
What is retrieval?
Subsequent re-accessing of events or information from the past, which have been previously encoded and stored in the brain.
What are the two major types of memory?
Implicit (non-declarative) and explicit (declarative)
What are the three types of implicit memory?
Procedural- skills and habits
Classical conditioning- emotional responses
Memory acquired through classical conditioning- emotional responsive and skeletal musculature.
Non-associative- acquired through habituation.
What are the two types of explicit memory?
Episodic- memory of events
Semantic memory- memory of facts.
What memory is vulnerable to disruption and lasts second to hours?
Short-term memory
What is working memory?
Memory converted from short-term memory through consolidation.
What is working memory?
Temporary form of information storage that is being manipulated.
