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A Level Geography > Regenerating places - Theory > Flashcards

Regenerating places - Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Reinventor city?

A

A city that has encouraged IT and digital media, higher wages, graduate workers and new businesses

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2
Q

What is a Replicator city?

A

A city that has replaced cotton mills with call centres and distribution centres and often employs workers with lower qualifications

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3
Q

What is social stratification?

A

When society is divided as an area doesn’t cater towards all social classes

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4
Q

What is Civic Engagement?

A

The ways that people participate in their community to improve the quality of life

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5
Q

What types of people are politically engaged? (2)

A

Elderly
Professionals

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6
Q

What types of people are not politically engaged?

A

DE social grade

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7
Q

What are 3 methods of measuring the need for regeneration?

A

Qualitative data
Quantative data
Media Portrayal

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8
Q

What is shared ownership?

A

Buying a proportion of the property and renting the other half through a housing association

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9
Q

What is the help to buy scheme?

A

Loan given to reduce the deposit required to buy a house for first time buyers in new builds

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10
Q

What is primary industry?

A

Extraction of raw materials
(eg. farming/mining)

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11
Q

What is secondary industry?

A

Manufacturing and processing of raw materials
iron works and manufacturing ect

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12
Q

What is tertiary industry ?

A

Service sector

tourism and banking etc

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13
Q

what is quaternary industry?

A

High tech research and development

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14
Q

What is Quinary industry?

A

knowledge management, consultancy etc

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15
Q

Why is there inequality within the UK?

A
  • Transition to a post industrial economy has not been even across the UK and therefore there has been differences in pay and type of work
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16
Q

What is studentification?

A

When students cluster in certain areas of towns and cities.

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17
Q

What types of businesses grow due to studentification?

A

pubs and small shops

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18
Q

Why is there a high crime rate in Student areas?

A

The houses are easy to break into and there is usually a high amount of tech in the houses.

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19
Q

How many students live in Selly Oak Birmingham?

A

35,000

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20
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

When people from different countries live near each-other

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21
Q

What is an enclave?

A

When communities form based on people from a certain country settling in one area

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22
Q

What is an aging population/ brain drain?

A

When all the young people move away as there are no job opportunities other than in tourism = means majority of people are elderly

23
Q

What is gentrification?

A

When rich people buy previously deindustrialised areas and spend money renovating the houses

24
Q

What is an impact of gentrification?

A

House prices rise so local people have to leave and social stratification occurs

25
Q

What are physical factors why places change?

A
  • Coastal erosion
  • Climate change creates unpredicted flooding
  • Eco buildings
26
Q

What are reasons linking to accessibility why places change?

A

Improved railway and motorway
Allow rural areas to be accessable
More FDI

27
Q

How has Llandudno changed over time?

A

Undergone some change. Remains reliant on Tourism. Demographic is elderly.

28
Q

How has birmingham changed over time?

A

Was associated with secondary industry but now focuses on jewellery industry and tertiary industry. Now ranks 10th in terms of research.

29
Q

Where in Birmingham has been gentrified?

A

Ladywood
Was previously the worst area for child poverty.
House prices increased by 17%

30
Q

Benefits of gentrification (2)

A

Increases economic value of an area
Attracts rich people

31
Q

Cons of gentrification?

A

Traditional communities cannot afford the rent - can lead to social stratification

32
Q

Positives of studentification?

A

LT upskilling of work force as many students stay after their degree

33
Q

What is the ethnic composition of Birmingham compared to Llandudno?

A

42% of ethnic origin compared to 6% in Llandudno

34
Q

Positive of ethnic composition? (2)

A

Fosters diversity, tolerance and acceptance

Cultural exchange

35
Q

Negatives of ethnic composition?

A

In Birmingham 16% do not have English as their first language - can cause social segregation and problems with services

36
Q

What is an example of a successful city?

A

Berkshire (M4 corridor)

37
Q

Since 2001 how much has Berkshire’s population increased by?

A

6.4%

38
Q

From 2005 - 2011 how much did property prices increase by in Berkshire?

A

40% to 50%

39
Q

What is a sink estate?

A

Housing estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially domestic violence drugs and gangs.

40
Q

What do sink estates priorities include?

A

Enhanced sports facilities
Reduce crime and increase feel of community
Housing

41
Q

What is a commuter village?

A

Settlements that have a proportion of the population living in them, but who commute our daily or weekly usually to large settlements

42
Q

What are priorities of a commuter village? (4)

A

Building new houses
Invest in public transport
Better broadband
Better rail connections

43
Q

What is a gated community?

A

Found in urban and rural settlements as either individual buildings or groups of houses. Have CCTV and security guards

44
Q

What are priorities of a gated communities? (3)

A

Reduce crime
Increase security
Maintain a value of their property

45
Q

What were causes of the 2011 race riots? (3)

A
  • Government cutbacks to Educational Maintenance Allowance
  • Urban deprivation
  • High youth unemployment
46
Q

How does international direction help investment?

A

Deregulation of capital markets since 1970s has made it easier for foreign companies to invest in UK infrastructure

47
Q

How does migration policy help investment?

A

In 2004, 8 countries joined the EU and many moved to the UK including 1.2 million Poles.

48
Q

What is the aim of Rebranding?

A

To sell a place to potential customers

49
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Investment in an area, perhaps in the form of infrastructure or other elements. This will trigger cumulative causation.

50
Q

What is re-imaging?

A

When an area is sold or advertised with new packaging to change the impression investors have.

51
Q

What is cumulative causation?

A

Arises when a process is self-reinforcing and grows ever stronger, so that it does not equilibrate

52
Q

How to measure economic success of regeneration? (3)

A

Income deprivation
Employment deprivation
Poverty

53
Q

How to measure the social success of regeneration? (3)

A

Education
Reduction in deprivation
Health and disability

54
Q

How to measure the environmental success of regeneration? (3)

A

Living environment deprivation
Reduced pollution levels
Reduction in abandoned land

A Level Geography (30 decks)

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