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A Level Geography > Regenerating Places > Flashcards

Regenerating Places Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the national average of manufacturing by output area in the uk

A

9.10%

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2
Q

what is the average of manufacturing by output area in Birmingham

> > where is most of this % and how much of total manufacturing in Birmingham does it total

A

11.58%

> > > 38% in Langley Sandwell

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3
Q

what is the average of manufacturing by output area in Swansea`

> > > where is most of this % and how much of total manufacturing in Swansea does it total

A

10.03%

> > > 32% Neath Port Talbot

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4
Q

what is the average of professional and scientific and technical activities by output area on average in UK

A

6.3%

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5
Q

what is the average of professional and scientific and technical activities by output area on average in Birmingham

where is this mostly concentrated and what %

A

Birmingham 4.75%

|&raquo_space;>31% of this in Ladywood

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6
Q

what is the average of professional and scientific and technical activities by output area on average in Swansea

where is this mostly concentrated and what %

A

Swansea 3.7%

|&raquo_space;>20% in Oystermouth

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7
Q

what is the brain drain?

> > > what is this associated with

A

movement of skilled professionals/ workers

generally associated with being Parochial and less tied to place of birth which is associated with intellect

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8
Q

as distance from London increases what is the trend with average income

A

decreases with distance

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9
Q

home counties such as Buckinghamshire earn how much on average

what is the average income in Snowdonia and Cornwall

A

£25,000- 35,000

in snowdon/cornwall is £17,000

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10
Q

what are reasons x2 for differences in wealth as you distance from capital

A

> brain drain

>north east are still deindustrialising compared to south east so less tertiary and quaternary industry

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11
Q

what factors is quality of life based on

A 
health
education
leisure time
income
education achievement
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12
Q

in 2014 the top 1% of population recieved what % of countries income
this total was equal to what % of the poorest population income combined `

A

13%

55%

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13
Q

top 10% of employees earn how much annually

A

£53,000

this includes managers, directors and senior officials

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14
Q

bottom 10% of emplyees earn weekly wages of what

A

less that £288

this in jobs like customer service or carers

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15
Q

what % people in labour force are on a zero hours contract and what problems do they face

A

more than 2% and face problems like debt and lack of savings

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16
Q

how much of the Uk growth output was created in the south of the UK between 1997 and 2007

how much was this in 2008

A

37%

become 48% in 2008 despite economic crash going on and other areas of the UK in decline

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17
Q

what % children are in poverty in camden

A

34%

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18
Q

what % children live in poverty nationally

A

21%

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19
Q

Port talbot in swansea has ___ numbers of part time and full time employees dependent on the success of its _____ industry

A

large

secondary

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20
Q

which area of swansea has had the most regeneration

A

sea front and central areas

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21
Q

in terms of inequality in quality of life in UK

which groups of workers are more at risk of poor health

A

those who work in long hours in farming or building manual labour or people who are exposed to chemicals

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22
Q

what % of premature deaths were in deprived communities

A

43%

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23
Q

where is cardiovascular disease highest and lowest

A

highest in scotland

lowest in south east

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24
Q

what is the average life expectancy for men/ and women in the Uk

A

men 77.2

women 81.6

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25
Q

which factors effect life expectancy

A

gender, income, occupation and education as well as lifestyle choices like diet and smoking

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26
Q

compare life expectancy in Glasgow and East Dorset

A
  1. 6 Glasgow

82. 9 east Dorset

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27
Q

why is education unequal across the UK

A
  • peoples outcomes and grades often linked to income levels of families
  • disadvantaged children may be reluctant to carry onto higher education
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28
Q

of children living in poverty what % in 2013 achieved 5 GCSES grades A* to C including maths and English

A

31%

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29
Q

what % have a long term health problem in Hodgehill birmingham

how does this compare in Aston, Birmingham

A

13%

0.5% in aston

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30
Q

what % have a long term health problem in Castle, swansea

how does this compare in Killay North, swansea

A
  1. 5%

0. 8% in Killay North

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31
Q

what % of people in Ladywood have a degree

what about Greets Green?

A

74%

1.6% in Greets Green

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32
Q

what % of people in sketty, Swansea have a degree

how does this differ with Penderry

A
  1. 1%

2. 6% in Penderry

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33
Q

what % of houses in Aston, brum have 5 or more bedrooms

what about in Soho

A

36%

0% in Soho

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34
Q

what % people in uplands have 5 or more bedrooms

what about in castle

A

42%

castle has 0%

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35
Q

breifly describe changes in swansea over time?

A

> 1700s was a copper works w/ imports from cornwall
late 19th centuary was a fashionable seaside resort and copper and tinplate industry at their peaks
20th century shared decline in indurtrial and more petroleum industry
WW2 caused decline in industries
`now public secotor larger

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36
Q

what % of swanseas jobs are in health and education

A

38.3%

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37
Q

what % of swanseas jobs are in hotels and restaurants

A

24.2%

38
Q

what % employment in 2008 in swansea

what % of this in professional technical jobs

A
  1. 7%

14. 3%

39
Q

what % swansea in sales and customer service

A

13% which is lower than national average

40
Q

how much did manufacturing in swansea fall by between 2001 and 2006

A

25%

41
Q

what is the average income in swansea

A

£21,500

42
Q

swansea is the ____largest retail centre in the UK

A

18th which is high considering its population

43
Q

example of manufacturers based in swansea

A

Alberto-Culver

44
Q

example of services based in swansea

A

Admiral multicar

45
Q

positives of gentrification

A
  • increases property value which is good for yupees
  • attracts expensive stores so high earning people spend more time in the city
  • service provision- less fast food for eg) more health
46
Q

negatives of gentrification

A
  • can cause social division and exclusion as well as social stratification
  • considered bad/negative but inevitable
  • pushes out locals as higher house prices push low skilled workers away
  • less service provision depending on people
47
Q

what proportion of birmingham was born overseas

A

1/5

48
Q

what % of the population are born ethnic groups other than white in birmingham

A

42%

49
Q

what % don’t consider english as a first language

A

16%

50
Q

which parts of Birmingham do most migrants settle

A

Sparkbrook and Sparkhill

51
Q

what proportion of Birmingham is under 45

A

66%

52
Q

what % of swansea proportion resident population white

A

94%

53
Q

what has the proportion of non-white ethnic groups increased by between 2001 to 2011

A

2.2% to 6%

largest groups being Chinese and Bangladeshi

54
Q

what % of poeple in swansea in 2011 born outside Uk

A

7.2%

55
Q

impacts of studentification

A

-more crime and ASB drug use
-more noise and litter
+diversification of services
-increase in fast food and cheap food/booze
-pubs converted to bars

56
Q

where is main student population in birmingham and swansea

A

birmingham- selly oaks

Swansea- uplands

57
Q

what is demography

A

statistics of a population
factors such as age structure , wealth and ethnic composition effect this
age structure —> studentification
wealth —-> gnetrification
ethnic composition —> proportion born overseas and different groups more diversity

58
Q

how many students at Birmingham

A

28,664

59
Q

example of a sink estate

A

Hulme in Manchester

60
Q

example of a commuter village/town

A

Yate 12 miles east of Bristol

also lots of places like Slough and Reading

61
Q

example of gated communities

A

more common in america not many in UK

62
Q

what are the priorities of sink estates

A
  • regeneration of housing estates
  • cheaper housing
  • reducing crime
  • access to health care and education
63
Q

what are the priorities of commuter villages

A
  • maintaining greenspace for wellbeing of locals whilst also accomodating for demand in housing
  • transport connections, faster trains and roads
64
Q

what are the priorities of gated communities

A
  • reduce crime by increasing security

- deter access from unknown people

65
Q

what are the problems associated with gated communities

A
  • social segregation

- rich/poor divide

66
Q

in 1991 how many in Hulme were unemployed

what % of this is long term

A

39%

51% (so half)

67
Q

what % of Hulme left education at 17 in 1991

A

74%

68
Q

what % had no car in Hulme in 1991

A

81%

69
Q

how many schools were built in Yate

what other regeneration plans were built

A

2

as well as this sports and leisure and the Ridge housing estate

70
Q

what does engagement mean

A

how much a person contributes to their community

71
Q

which factors effect levels of engagement

A
  • age- more attachments
  • length of residence- less time less attachments
  • level of deprivation- higher levels of this associated with anti-establishment views
  • gender- women still feel less happy to go to the pub alone, children means more involvement
  • ethnicity-levels of acceptance
72
Q

examples of ways people engage in their area

A
  • running local allotments
  • maintaining local nature reserves
  • village shops
  • NIMBY not in my back yard to stop planned developments
  • fundraising to help vulnerable
  • meals of wheels
73
Q

how do levels of engagement vary between sink estates and commuter villages and gated communites

A

exclusion from communities can makes people feel marginalised and social segregation arises.

  • Commuter villages result in clustering or grouping of similar types of people such as skilled workers
  • similar idea seen in gated communities with elite professionals and in sink estates with more unemployed service jobs.
  • sink estates have less economic opportunities
74
Q

how are urban and rural communities interdependent

A
  • rural areas depend on urban areas for hospitals and education and leisure
  • urban rely on on rural for wellbeing and farming
75
Q

how many customers in 2017 at Birmingham airport in 2017

A

12.9 million

making it the 7th busiest airport in the UK

76
Q

what is HS2

A

high speed railway from London to northern powerhouses and will also connect birmingham to London

77
Q

how many customers come to the bullring each year

A

38 million

78
Q

when are birmingham going to host the commonwealt games

A

2022

72 countries

79
Q

which motorways connect to birmingham

A

M6
M40
M5
M42

80
Q

what festival do swansea hold in autumn

A

music and art at Bragwyn hall

81
Q

which motorway is swansea connected to london by

A

M4

82
Q

does swansea have an airport

A

yes a minor one

83
Q

where is swansea twinned with

A

cork in Ireland

84
Q

how much is the tourims industry worth in swansea

A

£417million a year including the Gower

85
Q

what large scale development is being undertaken in swansea SA1 region and how much will this cost?

how much will this boost their economy

A

3,500 seater arena which will cost £100million as well as overhauling the old st Davids centre

will boost economy by £40 million a year

86
Q

assess how areas can be affected by regional, national and global influences

answer plan»»

A

para 1 - the connections of brum and swansea

para 2- the national influence of brum and swansea

para 3- international impact of TNCs retail an migration to both brum and swansea- eg proport. of oversea residents.

87
Q

boston case study

-what was boston like before migration occurred

A

-quiet farming town w/ markets and harvest periods and used to be irish workers

88
Q

what caused change in boston

A

movement of migrants from europe and lower wages

boston now has the highest proportion of eastern european immigrants than anywhere in UK

89
Q

what were the advantages of the migration to boston

A

-became more lively

more diversity and cultural influence eg turkish and polish food

90
Q

what were the disadvantages of migration to boston

A

more far right views/ brexit and ukip
divide between rich and poor
social segregation

91
Q

how much less a week wage than national average

A

£100

92
Q

what % of over 65 voted

A

65%

A Level Geography (12 decks)

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