Regenerating places Flashcards
What is a place?
Geographical spaces shaped by individuals and communities over time
What is meant by regeneration?
The process of improving a rural or urban place by making positive changes, including knocking down derelict buildings and building new ones, improving existing buildings and area or changing the image of a place through redesign and publicity
What is meant by rebranding?
Where a place is purposely redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity which can then be marketed using this new identity to attract inward investment
What does the Clark fisher model show?
How a country’s economic structure changes over time, moving through pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial phases, with shifts in employment across primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors
What is the gig economy?
Where jobs are short term temporary contracts rather than full time, may not have the same rights as full time employees
What are some social reasons why places vary?
- Poverty linked to likelihood of dropping out of FE linked to ill health later in life
- Disabilities can impact people’s ability to work
What is inequality?
The state of not being equal, where people have different levels of access to resources
What are some geographical dimensions of inequality?
- Urban vs rural divide
- Global inequality (the west with wealth vs regions in Africa)
- Infrastructure and connectivity
Why is the IMD an important measure?
- Can be used to determine the need for regeneration
- Changes to the IMD over time can be used to measure the success of regeneration
What does the IMD of England generally show?
Coastal areas are the most deprived, possibly due to a failed tourist area, for example in Jaywick, the cultural diversity of London shows varying levels of deprivation with some in extreme poverty and some in a stable financial position
How has the IMD been previously used in the UK?
- Targeting gov funding and resources
- Decision making
- Monitoring progress
- Research and analysis
- Educational policy and funding
What does the butler model show?
How tourist resorts evolve through distinct stages, from initial exploration and development to potential stagnation, decline, or rejuvenation, highlighting the dynamic nature of tourism destinations
What makes a successful region?
- High investment including education, infrastructure, new buildings
- Good connectivity
- High disposable income
- High GDP
- High tourism
What is cumulative causation?
Theory developed by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal, who said that a successful place is well linked, where one place leads to successive changes in another place
What is a growth pole?
One area, firms producing the same things
What are some characteristics of successful places?
- Attract ongoing investment
- May be self sustaining
- Can experience inward migration
- Experience few negative impacts of growth
- Improve life for residents
How does the negative multiplier effect happen?
- Deindustrialisation causes unemployment
- People leave for opportunities in urban areas
- Employers find recruitment difficult
- Less investment occurs
- Shops and services decline
- People notice the decline and lower quality of life
What is civic engagement?
The ways in which people participate in their community, which improve the QOL and shape the community’s future
What are some reasons for low engagement in deprived areas?
- Migration rates which can create a sense of a loss of community and belonging
- Lack of safety
- Lack of facilities/volunteering opportunities
- People don’t have time
What affects the level of engagement?
- Age
- Levels of deprivation
- Gender
- Ethnicity
What is social polarisation?
A process of segregation within society which emerges from income inequality and economic restructuring resulting in the clustering of high income elite professionals, and low income social groups
What is a top down scheme?
Don’t meet the needs of locals as people who make these schemes often have lived very different lives than those in need
What is a bottom up scheme?
Small-scale development projects aimed at the poorest communities through the actions of non-government organisations (NGOs)
