Regenerating Places Flashcards
Economic sectors: Primary
> Agriculture, forestry , mining and fishing.
Rural areas tend to have primary employment in farming, mining, quarrying and fishing.
Low paid, manual work.
Economic sectors: Secondary
> Manufacturing
Economic sectors: Tertiary
> Retail, services and office work
Jobs are concentrated in urban areas, varying from cleaners to lawyers
Economic Sectors: Quaternary
> Scientific research and ICT
Research and development, hi tech industries.
How is Quality of Life measured?
Measured using a composite index. Which combines housing, affordability, energy costs, broadband availability, average incomes, crime rates and other measurements to rank UK regions.
What are the FOUR economic functions?
- Administrative: council offices, schools and other public services like hospitals.
- Commercial: offices of service industries such as legal services, accountants.
- Retails: shops that range in size small businesses to malls.
- Industrial: factories, warehouses and distribution centres.
Define Ethnic Composition.
The ethnic group make up of a population. In the UK the main groups are White, Asian and Black.
Reasons for change: PHYSICAL
> Location: proximity to large cities and core economic zones
Environment: places vary in attractiveness
Technology: Improved transportation, broadening
Reasons for changes: Accessibility and connectedness
> Access to other places by road, rail and air travel
Connections help competition for investment and visitors
Reasons for changes: Historical Development
> Post production era: primary production (agriculture, farming and fishing) and manufacturing have been stopped.
Competition: Commercial, retail, residential, infrastructure. As land values have increased historically towards the CBD most people compete for implementation of their businesses here.
Changes in consumer trends:
1. Retailing switched from in person to online
2. House types, single home demands increased
3. Big businesses and TNCs have shaped consumer demands.
Increased affluence has increased leisure and tourism.
Historic buildings have been regenerated
Reasons for change: Role planning by government and other stakeholders.
> National governments are increasing student numbers so 50% of children can go into higher education.
Local planning has increased and local decisions are more apparent.
Define Footloose Industries
Those that can be located anywhere (not tied to locations)
Define Greenbelts
Land surrounding cities that cannot be built upon< usually farmland
What is the Index of Multiple Deprivation? IMD
It uses seven data domains which are weighted towards income and employment:
1. Income
2. Employment
3. Education
4. Health
5. Crime
6. Barriers to housing and services
7. Living environment
What is Identity?
Refers to peoples feelings and perceptions, and their shared beliefs, traditions and ways of life, it can create a sense of community and feeling part of a wider group to similar people
What makes a region successful?
- High rates of employment
- Inward migration
- Low levels of deprivation
What is Place attachment?
The bond between an individual or community and a location, it might be thought of as how much people care for a place.
Conflicts can occur due to what?
- A lack of political engagement and representation
- Ethnic tensions
- Inequality
- A lack of economic opportunity
Conflicts caused by regeneration: Studentification
- Affects larger urban places like Leeds and Nottingham
- Concentrations of transient, exuberant youthful groups who may have little regard for surrounding long term residents.
Conflicts caused by regeneration: The Northern Powerhouse
- A concept announced by Chancellor George Osbourne in 2014 to empower cities in the North of England to work together to become an economic force to rival that of London and the South East.
What is the Regeneration Policy since 1950?
Grants were directed at depressed regions, supported by new road development and the movement of government jobs out of London into the regions. New towns were built and inner city slums were cleared.
What is the purpose of National Infrastructure Investment?
This has trooped to reduce the divide by improving transport accessibility in order to improve economic growth.
What are some examples of UK planning policies?
- Green belt land , which surrounds most larger cities, cannot be built on. It is a protected green space.
- Conservation areas like National Parks have struct planning regulations that limit the development of all but small scale residential and commercial schemes.
- Planning permission is often dependent on a scheme for new private homes which have to be given permission to be built.
What is the issue with Uk homes?
> UKs shortage of homes and very high prices has meant the housing is very high in London and unaffordable for most people.
There was a shortage of about 500,000 new homes in 2016
Planning laws like green belt policy make releasing new land housing very hard to achieve.
