Regenerating Places

Question 1

Economic sectors: Primary

Answer 1

> Agriculture, forestry , mining and fishing.
Rural areas tend to have primary employment in farming, mining, quarrying and fishing.
Low paid, manual work.

Question 2

Economic sectors: Secondary

Answer 2

> Manufacturing

Question 3

Economic sectors: Tertiary

Answer 3

> Retail, services and office work
Jobs are concentrated in urban areas, varying from cleaners to lawyers

Question 4

Economic Sectors: Quaternary

Answer 4

> Scientific research and ICT
Research and development, hi tech industries.

Question 5

How is Quality of Life measured?

Answer 5

Measured using a composite index. Which combines housing, affordability, energy costs, broadband availability, average incomes, crime rates and other measurements to rank UK regions.

Question 6

What are the FOUR economic functions?

Answer 6

1. Administrative: council offices, schools and other public services like hospitals.
2. Commercial: offices of service industries such as legal services, accountants.
3. Retails: shops that range in size small businesses to malls.
4. Industrial: factories, warehouses and distribution centres.

Question 7

Define Ethnic Composition.

Answer 7

The ethnic group make up of a population. In the UK the main groups are White, Asian and Black.

Question 8

Reasons for change: PHYSICAL

Answer 8

> Location: proximity to large cities and core economic zones
Environment: places vary in attractiveness
Technology: Improved transportation, broadening

Question 9

Reasons for changes: Accessibility and connectedness

Answer 9

> Access to other places by road, rail and air travel
Connections help competition for investment and visitors

Question 10

Reasons for changes: Historical Development

Answer 10

> Post production era: primary production (agriculture, farming and fishing) and manufacturing have been stopped.
Competition: Commercial, retail, residential, infrastructure. As land values have increased historically towards the CBD most people compete for implementation of their businesses here.
Changes in consumer trends:
1. Retailing switched from in person to online
2. House types, single home demands increased
3. Big businesses and TNCs have shaped consumer demands.
Increased affluence has increased leisure and tourism.
Historic buildings have been regenerated

Question 11

Reasons for change: Role planning by government and other stakeholders.

Answer 11

> National governments are increasing student numbers so 50% of children can go into higher education.
Local planning has increased and local decisions are more apparent.

Question 12

Define Footloose Industries

Answer 12

Those that can be located anywhere (not tied to locations)

Question 13

Define Greenbelts

Answer 13

Land surrounding cities that cannot be built upon< usually farmland

Question 14

What is the Index of Multiple Deprivation? IMD

Answer 14

It uses seven data domains which are weighted towards income and employment:
1. Income
2. Employment
3. Education
4. Health
5. Crime
6. Barriers to housing and services
7. Living environment

Question 15

What is Identity?

Answer 15

Refers to peoples feelings and perceptions, and their shared beliefs, traditions and ways of life, it can create a sense of community and feeling part of a wider group to similar people

Question 16

What makes a region successful?

Answer 16

1. High rates of employment
2. Inward migration
3. Low levels of deprivation

Question 17

What is Place attachment?

Answer 17

The bond between an individual or community and a location, it might be thought of as how much people care for a place.

Question 18

Conflicts can occur due to what?

Answer 18

1. A lack of political engagement and representation
2. Ethnic tensions
3. Inequality
4. A lack of economic opportunity

Question 19

Conflicts caused by regeneration: Studentification

Answer 19

1. Affects larger urban places like Leeds and Nottingham
2. Concentrations of transient, exuberant youthful groups who may have little regard for surrounding long term residents.

Question 20

​Conflicts caused by regeneration: The Northern Powerhouse

Answer 20

1. A concept announced by Chancellor George Osbourne in 2014 to empower cities in the North of England to work together to become an economic force to rival that of London and the South East.

Question 21

What is the Regeneration Policy since 1950?

Answer 21

Grants were directed at depressed regions, supported by new road development and the movement of government jobs out of London into the regions. New towns were built and inner city slums were cleared.

Question 22

What is the purpose of National Infrastructure Investment?

Answer 22

This has trooped to reduce the divide by improving transport accessibility in order to improve economic growth.

Question 23

What are some examples of UK planning policies?

Answer 23

1. Green belt land , which surrounds most larger cities, cannot be built on. It is a protected green space.
2. Conservation areas like National Parks have struct planning regulations that limit the development of all but small scale residential and commercial schemes.
3. Planning permission is often dependent on a scheme for new private homes which have to be given permission to be built.

Question 24

What is the issue with Uk homes?

Answer 24

> UKs shortage of homes and very high prices has meant the housing is very high in London and unaffordable for most people.
There was a shortage of about 500,000 new homes in 2016
Planning laws like green belt policy make releasing new land housing very hard to achieve.

Question 25

Other government policies have contributed to housing shortages: Immigration

Answer 25

Large scale immigration from the EU contributed to increasing the UK population.

Question 26

Other government policies have contributed to housing shortages: Deregulation

Answer 26

The UK is very open to foreign investment, including allowing foreign people and companies to buy property.

Question 27

Other government policies have contributed to housing shortages: Second homes and holiday homes.

Answer 27

There are a few restrictions in the UK on people buying houses to rent out.

Question 28

What effects do governmental policies have on Housing shortages?

Answer 28

Tend to reduce housing supply and increase prices of other homes. Longer term, there is a risk that very high house prices will prevent investment in some locations.

Question 29

What do Unitary Development plans identify?

Answer 29

> Areas for new housing
New roads and other major infrastructure
Areas for commercial development (eg factories offices and retail.)

Question 30

What spaces does planning provide?

Answer 30

> Retail parks and shopping centres.
Business parks for office functions and industrial parks for manufacturing and distribution.

Question 31

Regeneration strategies in Urban Areas.

Answer 31

1. Retail: major shopping malls
2. Heritage tourism: historic sites and attractions
3. Sport and Leisure: Regeneration linked to major sporting events
4. Arts and Culture: landmark cultural buildings

Question 32

Regeneration Strategies in Rural areas.

Answer 32

1. Media themes: tourist trails based on popular TV programmes.
2. Outdoor pursuits: walking, mountain biking and climbing in Galloway Forest park.
3. Farm Diversification: many private farms have shifted their focus from food production to camping, organic food, shops and holiday cottages.
4. Sustainable rural livelihoods: regeneration focused on renewable energy and natural resources.

Question 33

What is Rebranding?

Answer 33

Changing the perceived image of a place to outsiders as well as physically regenerating an area.

Question 34

Why is media important in rebranding a place?

Answer 34

1. Positive news stories and public relations during regeneration to get an area known.
2. Advertising in newspapers and onlines
3. The use of logos and slogans to project an image to the outside world.