Case Studys: PG Flashcards
Haiti: Magnitude.
Richter Scale: Strong = 7.0
Haiti: Population
Densely populated capital city.
Haiti: People Killed.
316,000
Haiti: Injured & Displaced.
Injured = 300,000
Displaced = 1.5 million
Haiti: Affected Infrastructure . % destroyed.
Poorly constructed buildings — collapsed and damaged.
90% of buildings destroyed.
Hospitals, air, sea & land transport destroyed.
Haiti: Roads.
Roads were blocked by debris
Haiti: level of economic development.
GDP: US $650
Haiti: Population density.
25,000
Christchurch: Magnitude.
Richter Scale: Strong= 7.1
Christchurch: Population
Low population.
Christchurch: Deaths & Injured
No deaths.
Injured: 102 ( 2 serious)
Christchurch: Affected Infrastructure.
Modern buildings were able to withstand quake, but a few older buildings were damaged.
Christchurch: City issues & Roads.
Brocken water and sewage pipes, cracked roads and collapsed bridges.
Haiti: Level of technology.
Public telephone systems were not functional, fibre optic connectivity was poor.
Christchurch: Level of technology.
Power cuts but destruction was relatively mild.
Christchurch: Level of economic development.
GDP: US $29,140
Christchurch: Population Density.
250.
Philippines: Location
- Situated Western Pacific.
- Latitudes 5° and 20° North of the Equator.
- Archipelago of hundreds of islands.
Philippines Social: How many people evacuated?
58,000.
Philippines Social: People killed?
847, with 300 killed by collapsing roofs.
Philippines Social: how many people lost homes?
1.2 million people lost their homes > forced to live in poverty.
Philippines THREE Economic factors.
- Infrastructure (roads & bridges) damaged and need to be replaced. $700 million damage on homes.
- Airports Closed > stopping tourism
- Farmland destroyed which is the main source of income > 650,000 lost jobs.
Philippines THREE results in Environmental damage.
- Lowered global temp by 0.5°c in 2 years due to sulphur dioxide & ash.
- Fast flowing lahars caused river bank erosion.
- Volcanic ash & heavy rain combined to ruin agricultural land and make it unstable.
Philippines: TWO major secondary hazards.
- THE GUINSAUGON MUDSLIDE: 1000 killed
- TYPHOON HAIYAN: 1000 evacuated
Philippines: Vulnerability.
- 23 active volcanos.
- Mayon Volcano is the most active, erupting 50 times in 400 years.
- Magnitudes range between 7-8 on the richter scale.
Mitigation in Haiti.
- Lack of building controls and regulations meant many buildings in Port- Au Prince were poorly built, slum housing. > buildings couldn’t sustain the quakes.
- Difficult access of rescue teams due to collapsing buildings.
Mitigation in Japan.
- Good Construction, 75% of buildings constructed had earthquakes in mind, with marked evacuation routes.
- Areas vulnerable to Tsunamis had 10 metre high walls.
Preparedness in Haiti.
- Only had one airport, several ports and a few main roads which meant gov officials, emergency services and aid didn’t know how to access people.
- Many Haitians were living in poverty and didn’t know what to do in this situation > lack of education.
Preparedness in Japan.
- Strict building regulations which meant most buildings were already prepared to withstand earthquakes.
- Low levels of corruption meant that building regulations were enforced
- Well developed disaster plans.
Response in Haiti.
- International organisations provided emergency services as Haiti were unable to provide for themselves.
- Eg International charities like Red Cross.
Response in Japan.
- Responded immediately within 24 hours, 110,000 troops had been mobilised.
- All radio & TV stations switched to official earthquake coverage, telling people what to do and sending out warnings.
- Over 20 countries offered assistance.
Recovery in Haiti.
- US $13 billion of aid donated
- Staff from overseas as bought until Haiti eventually became self sufficient > however this meant less money was given to locals.
Recovery in Japan.
- Emergency fossil fuel reserves given by government used for energy.
- Bank of Japan offered $183 billion for recovery.
Role of NGOs in Pakistan (2005) : Background & Key Facts.
- 8th October 2005
- 7.6 Magnitude
- Struck South Asia
- 73,000 people died
- Roads, water & sanitation destroyed
- Areas affected =largely mountainous
Pakistan : Immediate Response.
- 500,000 tents & six million blankets provided
- safe water for 700,000 people
- provided food & clothing
- emergency medical care
Pakistan : Short term Aid.
- More permanent shelters built.
- Water supplies re- established.
- Roads closed by landslides, rebuilt and re routed.
Pakistan : Long term response.
- New schools, medical centres + homes rebuilt.
- Community based disaster risk reduction programmes developed.
