Case Studys: PG

Question 1

Haiti: Magnitude.

Answer 1

Richter Scale: Strong = 7.0

Question 2

Haiti: Population

Answer 2

Densely populated capital city.

Question 3

Haiti: People Killed.

Answer 3

316,000

Question 4

Haiti: Injured & Displaced.

Answer 4

Injured = 300,000
Displaced = 1.5 million

Question 5

Haiti: Affected Infrastructure . % destroyed.

Answer 5

Poorly constructed buildings — collapsed and damaged.
90% of buildings destroyed.
Hospitals, air, sea & land transport destroyed.

Question 6

Haiti: Roads.

Answer 6

Roads were blocked by debris

Question 7

Haiti: level of economic development.

Answer 7

GDP: US $650

Question 8

Haiti: Population density.

Answer 8

25,000

Question 9

Christchurch: Magnitude.

Answer 9

Richter Scale: Strong= 7.1

Question 10

Christchurch: Population

Answer 10

Low population.

Question 11

Christchurch: Deaths & Injured

Answer 11

No deaths.
Injured: 102 ( 2 serious)

Question 12

Christchurch: Affected Infrastructure.

Answer 12

Modern buildings were able to withstand quake, but a few older buildings were damaged.

Question 13

Christchurch: City issues & Roads.

Answer 13

Brocken water and sewage pipes, cracked roads and collapsed bridges.

Question 14

Haiti: Level of technology.

Answer 14

Public telephone systems were not functional, fibre optic connectivity was poor.

Question 15

Christchurch: Level of technology.

Answer 15

Power cuts but destruction was relatively mild.

Question 16

Christchurch: Level of economic development.

Answer 16

GDP: US $29,140

Question 17

Christchurch: Population Density.

Answer 17

250.

Question 18

Philippines: Location

Answer 18

• Situated Western Pacific.
• Latitudes 5° and 20° North of the Equator.
• Archipelago of hundreds of islands.

Question 19

Philippines Social: How many people evacuated?

Answer 19

58,000.

Question 20

Philippines Social: People killed?

Answer 20

847, with 300 killed by collapsing roofs.

Question 21

Philippines Social: how many people lost homes?

Answer 21

1.2 million people lost their homes > forced to live in poverty.

Question 22

Philippines THREE Economic factors.

Answer 22

1. Infrastructure (roads & bridges) damaged and need to be replaced. $700 million damage on homes.
2. Airports Closed > stopping tourism
3. Farmland destroyed which is the main source of income > 650,000 lost jobs.

Question 23

Philippines THREE results in Environmental damage.

Answer 23

1. Lowered global temp by 0.5°c in 2 years due to sulphur dioxide & ash.
2. Fast flowing lahars caused river bank erosion.
3. Volcanic ash & heavy rain combined to ruin agricultural land and make it unstable.

Question 24

Philippines: TWO major secondary hazards.

Answer 24

1. THE GUINSAUGON MUDSLIDE: 1000 killed
2. TYPHOON HAIYAN: 1000 evacuated

Question 25

Philippines: Vulnerability.

Answer 25

• 23 active volcanos.
• Mayon Volcano is the most active, erupting 50 times in 400 years.
• Magnitudes range between 7-8 on the richter scale.

Question 26

Mitigation in Haiti.

Answer 26

• Lack of building controls and regulations meant many buildings in Port- Au Prince were poorly built, slum housing. > buildings couldn’t sustain the quakes.
• Difficult access of rescue teams due to collapsing buildings.

Question 27

Mitigation in Japan.

Answer 27

• Good Construction, 75% of buildings constructed had earthquakes in mind, with marked evacuation routes.
• Areas vulnerable to Tsunamis had 10 metre high walls.

Question 28

Preparedness in Haiti.

Answer 28

• Only had one airport, several ports and a few main roads which meant gov officials, emergency services and aid didn’t know how to access people.
• Many Haitians were living in poverty and didn’t know what to do in this situation > lack of education.

Question 29

Preparedness in Japan.

Answer 29

• Strict building regulations which meant most buildings were already prepared to withstand earthquakes.
• Low levels of corruption meant that building regulations were enforced
• Well developed disaster plans.

Question 30

Response in Haiti.

Answer 30

• International organisations provided emergency services as Haiti were unable to provide for themselves.
• Eg International charities like Red Cross.

Question 31

Response in Japan.

Answer 31

• Responded immediately within 24 hours, 110,000 troops had been mobilised.
• All radio & TV stations switched to official earthquake coverage, telling people what to do and sending out warnings.
• Over 20 countries offered assistance.

Question 32

Recovery in Haiti.

Answer 32

• US $13 billion of aid donated
• Staff from overseas as bought until Haiti eventually became self sufficient > however this meant less money was given to locals.

Question 33

Recovery in Japan.

Answer 33

• Emergency fossil fuel reserves given by government used for energy.
• Bank of Japan offered $183 billion for recovery.

Question 34

Role of NGOs in Pakistan (2005) : Background & Key Facts.

Answer 34

• 8th October 2005
• 7.6 Magnitude
• Struck South Asia
• 73,000 people died
• Roads, water & sanitation destroyed
• Areas affected =largely mountainous

Question 35

Pakistan : Immediate Response.

Answer 35

• 500,000 tents & six million blankets provided
• safe water for 700,000 people
• provided food & clothing
• emergency medical care

Question 36

Pakistan : Short term Aid.

Answer 36

• More permanent shelters built.
• Water supplies re- established.
• Roads closed by landslides, rebuilt and re routed.

Question 37

Pakistan : Long term response.

Answer 37

• New schools, medical centres + homes rebuilt.
• Community based disaster risk reduction programmes developed.