Regen places - casestudies Flashcards
1
Q
HS2 - what is it?
A
- A new highspeed railway linking up London, the Midlands, the North and Scotland
- serves over 25 stations, including 8 of Britain’s 10 largest cities and connecting around 30 million people
2
Q
HS2 pros
A
- Links London to Birmingham, and in the 2nd phase, to Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and Scotland
- It meets the UK’s rapidly growing demand for travel - encourages more to travel by train, which relives gridlock in city centres
- The investment will provide a major boost to business and the conomy
- £2-3 billion annual investment will provide 22,000 jobs - running and building HS2
- Less short-distance air travel - lower carbon footprint
- Trains have better safety records than roads (2008)
3
Q
HS2 cons
A
- Development cost of £88 billion in 2020, which is much higher than the initial estimates of £57 billion - money could have been spent elsewhere: fixing potholes, reducing congestion on roads, decarbonising the economy
- Only benefits those that travel by train
- Environmental costs
- Residents unhappy at the impact on living standards and home values
- Noise pollution
- People will have to relocate
- The scheme may not be finished until 2040
4
Q
Northern Powerhouse FACT ATTACK
A
- £350 billion GDP
- £150 billion health expenditure
- £60 billion worth of foods exported abroad
- £45 billion on schools
- £13 billion transport
- £15 million consumers
- Falling 18% - corporation tax
- 1/3 UK apprenticeships
- 175,000 business visitors
- 9 international gateways
- 254 direct flight gateways
- 12 major foreign ports
- 8 research intensive universities
- Over 65,000 business start-up
- 10th biggest economy in Europe
- 2014 - Sunderland produced more cars than Italy
5
Q
Boston - Lincolnshire - Immigration
A
What was Boston like? - British (lack of cultural groups), small population, quiet, low levels of globalisation, contained, older population?
- What caused change? - 10% of Boston’s population comes from one of the ‘Accesion 8’ countries that joined the EU in 2004, e.g. Poland, Estonia, and Slovakia
- Challenges faced? - Most shops are owned by migrants (shops only receive migrant customers too), school placements taken by migrant children, increased racist crime, pressure on health care, pressure on job placements, language barrier = divided communities
- Leads to increased acculturation and a seasonal economy (primary, fruit picking, etc.)
6
Q
Powys - Rural regneration
A
- Problem: focus on agriculture and tourism - low contributors to economy in terms of input (brain drain of young people to bigger cities = less people contributing to the economy), skill shortages, rural decline
- Solution: EU structural funds encouraged competitive business (partly by rejuvenating a local chamber of commerce), transition towns in places like Machynlleth (loyalty cards, local currency), Carmarthenshire Community and Broadband Partnership (prevents outward migration, makes home working more viable), 26,000 volunteers that contribute £173.6 million to the local economy, Cambrian Mountains Initiative and Eco Dyfi encourage carbon and water regulation, Green Investment Bank makes £1 billion available for R+D
7
Q
Science Parks
A
8
Q
Cabot’s Circus - Bristol - retail led
A
- 1998 - Cribbs Causeway was built in the outskirts of Bristol - out of town shopping centre which, due to its location, attracts affluent customers (e.g. who have money to travel)
- This reduced the economy in the city centre, so Cabot’s Circus was built in 2008 to attract more customers and investment - it is more easily accessible by a variety of transport, has 2500 parking spaces and 200 shops
9
Q
Haworth - Tourism
A
- Local government has invested in rebranding: Bronte Connection - Bronte’s Parsonage, Fairtrade village (2002), farm diversification - Skipbridge Farm is a popular wedding venue, Saltaire = UNESCO site and philanthropic village, Keighly and Worth Valley railway
- Success: 8.6 million day trips per year, supports 13,500 jobs in retail and tourism
10
Q
Belfast Rebranding
A
- The vast shipyards employed more than 30,000 people in the 1950s
- Largest Development - Titanic Quarter: opened in 2009 as part of the Tall Ships Festival, 7500 townhouses and apartments housing 30,000 people, 20,000 LT jobs (IT and financial services, education, hotels, bars, restaurants, retail, industrial space, film industry) and 15,000 in construction, 185 acre site, £7 billion investment, £97 million for the Titanic Belfast Visitor Attraction, attracted 800,000 visitors in its first year of opening in 2012
- Cathedral Quarter: March 2006, £300 million regeneration of Belfast city centre (in the Catheral Quarter), could create 2000 jobs, completed 2011 - shopping centre, bars and restaurants opened
- Shankhill Road - open bus tours of peace wall and areas affected by ‘the Troubles’
11
Q
London 2012 Olympics - sport-led regen - Social Pros
A
- The athlete’s village has been relaunched as a housing estate called the East Village - 2818 homes, with 40% being affordable, eventually the whole Olympic parkland wall become 5 new neighbourhoods (housing 8000 people)
- The Olympics has helped schools in the area - shortage of spaces, but a new school opened in the grounds of the park (Chobham Academy)
- Aquatics Centre - 50m pools used as facilities for the public and elite athletes
- Unemployment overall fell across London during the Olympic period
12
Q
London 2012 Olympics - sport-led regen - social cons
A
- Anne Power at the London School of Economies said “the ‘affordable rents’ for the 2800 new homes will be unaffordable to Newham’s poorest households”
- Rushanara Ali, MP in the Olympic borough if Tower Hamlets, said: “the impact of the infrastructure investment has been fantastic… but there’s a big but - in my borough unemployment actually went up during the Olympics”
- During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people - there are still high levels of unemployment in the borough and it was a missed opportunity to train people for work
- Many people in the boroughs surrounding the Olympic Park remain in poverty
- Properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site, e.g. 450 housing association flats were torn down
13
Q
London 2012 Olympics - sport-led regen - economic pros
A
- Stratford got a tube station to hep connect the area to the rest of London - Stratford is now second only to King’s Cross as the most connected part of London
- The infrastructure has been improved - two underground lines, a high-speed ‘javelin’ train yo King’s Cross and the Docklands Light Railway
- The Olympics brought more than £9 billion investment to east London, much of which went to transport - Lloyds TSB estimated that the Olympics will generate £10 billion in extra income for the UK economy
- All of the Olympic venues have been sold. The final building to be sold off was the £300 million media centre, which will now primarily house Infinity - a data company who want to store information for large corporations
14
Q
London 2012 Olympics - sport-led regen - economic cons
A
- The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost £701 million - almost 3x the original estimate, which angered local people
- The total bill for the Olympics was £8.77 billion of tax payer’s money. That was £5 billion over budget
- Existing businesses had to move, included H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees
- Rents and property prices have gone up as a result of the Games
15
Q
Hulme
A
