Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Euro AP Test > Reformation > Flashcards

Reformation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

dates of the Reformation

A

(1517- 1648)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Causes of the refomration

A
  • Corruption among the catholic church
  • Impact of Renaissance humanism
  • Babylonian Captivity ( declining prestige of papacy)
  • Critics and reforms of the Church
  • Monarch resisting the over arching power of the papacy
  • Resistance to the power of Charles V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

notes on Johann Tetzel

A
  • (1465-1519)
  • Authorized by Pope Leo X to sell indulgences in Wizen-burg
  • Selling of indulgences became egregious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Notes on Pope Leo X

A
  • authorized the sale of indulgences to rebuild St.Peter’s Basilica, which was challenged by Luther’s 95 Thesis
  • Excommunicated Luther after he burnt his Papal Bull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sale of indulgences

A
  • Bought by members of the church to either forgive their sins or get a loved one out of purgatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Notes on Martin Luther

A
  • (1483- 1546)
  • Former Augustinian monk and teacher at a university in Germany, sale of indulgences sparked him
  • wrote 95 Theses and nailed them to the church door
  • Opposed the pope, in 1520 published his theology reform
  • was excommunicated by pope Leo X in 1520
  • Diet of worms
  • Translated Bible in 1523
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Notes on Luther’s 95 Thesesd

A
  • October 31, 1517
  • basically things that Luther didn’t like about the Church
  • He questioned the scriptural authority of the Church to issue indulgences
  • First challenge of indulgences, Theses printed and distributed throughout Germany
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Notes on Luther’s Theological reform

A
  • published in 1520
  • Salvation can be achieved through faith alone, rejected good works as means of salvation
  • the Bible is the sole authority
  • the only two sacraments are Baptism and Communion
  • all believers serve as leaders in the Church
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diet of Worms 1521 notes

A
  • Luther was called to appear before the Diet of Worms
  • This diet was a council that could convict Luther
  • They attempted to make Luther recant but he refused ‘
  • empire then banned him, but he returned to wittenburg to continue his reformed Church
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Notes on Luther’s translated Bible

A
  • in 1523 Luther translated the Bible into German, which was illegal
  • Galvanized and modernized the German language, all people of Germany read it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Notes on Peasants war in Germany

A
  • (1524-1525)
  • peasants were inspired by Luther’s ideas, this fueled the rebellion
  • 100,000 peasants died at this time
  • peasants wanted nobles to stop hunting out forests
  • Luther condemned these actions and told the princes to squash the rebllion, Luther stated that they should still adhere to the authorities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Notes on the Diet of Speyer

A
  • refused to recognize the right of the German princes to determine the religion of their subjects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Notes on the League of Schmalkalden

A
  • 1531
  • league of protestant German princes who wanted to stop Charles V from making a fully Catholic Europe
  • France sided with Germany and tried to take down the HRP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Notes on Pope Paul III

A
  • assumed office in 1534 as the first of the “reform popes”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Notes on John Calvin

A
  • (1509- 1564)
  • published Institutes of the Christian Religion
  • from Switzerland, agreed with Luther but disagreed on the role of the state in church affairs
  • believed in the idea of Predestination
  • replaced the Catholic hierarchy with a democratic system whereby each individual congregation elects its ministers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Statute of six articles

A
  • passed by England’s parliament
  • the seven sacraments were upheld
  • catholic theology was maintained against the tenets of both Lutheranism and Calvinism
  • the authority of the monarch replaced the authority of the pope
16
Q

Notes on Ignatius Loyola

A
  • (1491-1556)
  • established the Jesuits, requires its members have blind obedience and absolute faith
  • swore to suppress Protestants, served as advisors to Catholic kings
  • suppressed heresy through the inquisition
  • established schools in Catholic nations to indoctrinate the young
  • sent many missionaries
17
Q

Index of prohibited books

A
  • was instituted in Catholic countries to keep heretical reading material out of the hands of the faithful
18
Q

Notes on the Thirty Years War

A
  • fought mostly in Germany, first continent wide modern war in history
  • culmination of the religious wars of the 16th century between Catholics and Protestants
  • German princes sought autonomy from the HRE, and france sought to limit the power of the Hapsburg’s
19
Q

Notes on the Bohemian Phase

A
  • (1618- 1625)
  • Czechs(Bohemians) being Calvinist feared that that their Catholic King would deny them their religious preference
  • defenestration of Prague ( threw Catholic official out the window)
  • first phase of the Thirty Years War
  • Calvinist King Frederick V installed
  • Battle of White Mountain
20
Q

Battle of White Mountain

A
  • 1620
  • gave away the lands of Protestant nobles
  • enabled the Spanish to consolidate power along the Rhine River
21
Q

Notes on the Danish phase

A
  • (1625-1630)
  • second phase of the Thirty Years war
  • Christian IV of Denmark a Lutheran entered the war to bolster the weakened Protestant position in Germany and to annex German lands for his son
  • HRE emperor Ferdinand II commissioned Wallenstein to plunder Germany and defeat the Danes in 1626
  • Wallenstein disagreed with Edict of Restitution and and Ferdinand dismissed him
22
Q

Edict of Restitution

A
  • issued by HRE emperor Ferdinand II, edict restored all the Catholic states in Germany that had been secularized before the Peace of Augsburg
23
Q

Notes on the Swedish Phase

A
  • (1625-1630)
  • third phase of Thirty Years War
  • Cardinal Richelieu was concerned with the gains made by the Hapsburg empire so he encouraged Gustavus Adolphus to the join the cause to help the Protestant cause
  • after big victories against Catholics, Adolphus was killed
  • Wallentein was assassinated after contemplating betraying the emperor
  • protestant states of Germany made peace with the emperor
  • Peace of Prague revoked Edict of Restitution
  • swedes defeated
24
Q

Notes on the French International Phase

A
  • (1635-1648)
  • France, Holand, and Savoy enter the war on the Swedish side
  • Spain continued to support the Austrian Hapsburg
  • Henri Turenne, a French general, defeated the Spanish at Rocroi and peace talks began
25
Q

Notes on Lutheranism

A
  • salvation by faith alone, good works can’t get you to Heaven
  • the bible is the ultimate authority
  • the grace of God brings absolution
  • baptism and communion are the only sacraments
  • clergy not superior, they can marry
  • church subordinate to the state
26
Q

Notes on Calvinism

A
  • predestination

- Catholic hierarchy with a democratic system whereby each individual congregation votes in its ministers

27
Q

Results of the Protestant Reformation

A
  • Northern Europe adopted Protestantism
  • the unity of Western Christendom was shattered
  • religious wars in Europe broke out for over a century
  • the Protestant spirit of individualism encouraged democracy, science, and capitalism
  • Protestantism, specifically Lutheranism, justified nationalism by making the church subordinate to the state in all but theological matters
28
Q

Notes on the Peace of Westphalia

A
  • Peace of Augsburg was reinstated, but Calvinism was added as acceptable for Germany
  • The Edict of Restitution was revoked, guaranteeing the possession of former Church states to their protestant holders
  • Switzerland and Holland were made independent states, freed from the Hapsburg dominions
  • Francd, Sweeden, Brandenburg (the future Prussia) received various territories
  • German princes we made sovereign rulers, which limited the Holy Roman Emperor’s power
  • thus delayed German unification
29
Q

Peace of Augsburg notes

A

Allowed German princes to choose either Lutheranism or Calvinism for their specific state and subjects

30
Q

Effects of the Thirty Years War

A
  • Germany was devastated and its population was reduced
  • age of religious wars ended, and modern age of sovereign states began in Europe and Balance of Power politics prevailed
  • Hapsburgs we’re weakened, this Austrian monarchy lost most of its influence over Germany
  • Catholic and Counter Reformation were slowed
  • Protestantism was safely established in European strongholds
  • HRE ceased to be a viable political structure and the Germanic states would be unified for a long time
  • Calvinism gained acceptance throughout Europe
  • Anabaptists were persecuted and dispersed as a religion
31
Q

Notes on Charles V

A
  • Emperor of HRE
  • sought to stop Protestantism and preserve the unity of Catholicism
  • tried to stamp out heresy
  • was forced to give up his mission to preserve Catholicism after the spread of Lutheranism in Germany
32
Q

Notes of Ulrich Zwingli

A
  • agreed with Luther that the bible was the sole authority
  • believed the church worship should be very general and bland
  • Luther believed that innovation was important
  • disagreed strongly on the symbolism of the communion or Eucharist

Euro AP Test (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions