Growth Of European Nation-States In The 1500's And 1600's

Question 1

Diaz, da Gama, and Cabral

Answer 1

Under Henry the navigator they explored the African coast and set up ports in India

Question 2

Christopher Columbus

Answer 2

(1451-1506)

Seeking a direct route to Asia for the Spanish he discovered the Western Hemisphere

Laid the foundation for European’s oppression and the exploration of the native peoples

Question 3

Cotez and Pizarro

Answer 3

Late 1400’s to mid 1500’s

Conquered the Aztecs and incas

Question 4

Suleiman the magnificent

Answer 4

(1491-1566)

Prominent monarch who presided over the Ottoman Empire, brought the empire to the apex of its military powers

Defended austria in thirty years war

Question 5

ivan the terrible

Answer 5

• (1547-1584)
• was an autocratic nationalist who limited the power of the boyars, expanded the realm, and solidified the role of tsar.
• after his death a time of trouble ensued as civil war broke out and there was a lack of an heir

Question 6

Peter the Great

Answer 6

• 1696-1725
• expanded the power of the state and of the tsar by establishing a powerful army, which was a civil service to attend
• implemented an educational system to train technicians in the skills developed by western science and technology
• imposed economic burdens, western ideas, and social restrictions on the peasants to further his power
• built St.Petersburg and Russia became a major power of this time

Question 7

hohenzollern

Answer 7

• dynasty known for ruling brandenburg, Prussia, German Empire, and Romania

Question 8

Frederick William

Answer 8

1713-1740

• solidified autocratic rule over brandenburg, Prussia, and the Rhine territories with a strong army and an efficient bureaucracy, and weakened nobles and peasants`

Question 9

Junkers during the rule of Frederick William

Answer 9

Prussian nobles, served as elite officers in the army

Question 10

absolutism

Answer 10

the political practice of centralized authority and absolute sovereignty rested in the monarch or dictator

Question 11

Francis I

Answer 11

• 1515-1547
• valois rival of the HR emperor Charles V
• consolidated absolutism in France taille
• Nationalized the church in France and increased the power of the monarchy

Question 12

Taille during the reign of Francis I in France

Answer 12

a direct tax on land and property

Question 13

Concordant of Bolna

Answer 13

• Francis I granted pope the right to collect the first year’s revenue from church offices in return for the power to nominate high officials in the French Church

Question 14

Huguenots

Answer 14

French Calvinists

Question 15

Henry II

Answer 15

• 1547-1559
• actively persecuted huguenots
• and was opposed to any reform that would weaken the Church

Question 16

edict of Toleration

Answer 16

• Protestant persecution provoked civil war

- which was stopped by edict, which was issued by Catherine de Medici

Question 17

Catherine de Medici

Answer 17

• daughter of Lorenzo Medici

mother and regent of Charles IX

Question 18

Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day

Answer 18

• Catholic mobs slaughtered huguenot leaders who were in Paris
• reignited religious tension in France

Question 19

Henry IV

Answer 19

• 1589- 1610
• French huguenot who converted to Catholicism before taking over
• issued edict on Nantes
• Duke of sully was his finance minister

Question 20

Edict of Nantes

Answer 20

• guaranteed civil and religious freedom to the Huguenot minority

Question 21

Duke of Sully

Answer 21

• Finance Minister under Henry IV
• reformed tax collection system
• improved transportation
• stimulated trade and industry
• fostered prosperity
• led to increasing power of France

Question 22

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 22

• prime minister to Louis XIII
• centralized government by encouraging commerce and industry
• strengthened the military
• instituted intendant system
• his domestic policies strengthened absolutism and prepared the way for the Sun King

Question 23

French Intendant system under Richelieu and Louis XIII

Answer 23

• bourgeois officials answered only the king

- supervised the provinces and dominated the nobility

Question 24

Louis XIV

Answer 24

• 1643- 1715
• when Italian Cardinal Mazarin, his mother regent, died he declared himself his own PM
• ruled over the Golden age of French culture and influence, France was the strongest nation on the continent
• ruled through Versailles

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Question 25

Italian Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 25

- Louis XIV mother and regent | - protected Louis claim to the thrown through the Wars of the Fronde

Question 26

Wars of the Frondes

Answer 26

- 1650-1652 - Frondeurs were nobles who sought to limit the powers of the monarch and decentralize government in order to extend their own influence - Mazarin was able to subdue Frondeurs with help of bourgeoisie and peasants

Question 27

Divine Right Theory of Rule

Answer 27

- Bishop Jacques Bossuet - claimed Louis like any absolutist monarch was placed on the throne by God and therefore owed his authority to no person or group

Question 28

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 28

- 1619-1683 - Was Louis XIV's finance minister - known was the Father of French Mercantilism - abolished internal tariffs - created free trade zone in most of France - hoped to make France self sufficient, although opted for powerful army instead of navy -

Question 29

Henry VII

Answer 29

- 1485 - 1509 - first of the Tudor monarchs in England - established a strong central government - raised revenues from middle class - enabled France to maintain a standing army and keep the nobility in check - consolidated parliament on significant issues

Question 30

Henry VIII

Answer 30

- 1509-1547 - Son of Henry VII and monarch of england - need to maintain a legit male heir led to the rule of Henry VIII, who was kinda a joke - his reign led to the English Reformation

Question 31

Mary Tudor

Answer 31

- 1553-1558 - Monarch of England and Henry VIII's daughter - mother was Catherine of Aragon - known as bloody Mary for burning hundreds of protestants at the stake for dissenting against her attempt to reinstitute Catholicism

Question 32

Elizabeth I

Answer 32

- 1558 - 1603 - queen of England, last and greatest of Tudor monarchs - repealed Mary's pro Catholic legislature - enacted act of supremacy

Question 33

Sir Frances Drake

Answer 33

- 1540 - 1596 - captained english fleet against powerful Spanish Armada, Armada was invading because Elizabeth I executed Mary Tudor, Phillip II's wife -

Question 34

Prince Henry the navigator

Answer 34

(1394-1460) Portugal leader who explored the south Atlantic Diaz, da Gama, and Cabral explored the African coast and established trading posts in India.