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Euro AP Test > Growth Of European Nation-States In The 1500's And 1600's > Flashcards

Growth Of European Nation-States In The 1500's And 1600's Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Diaz, da Gama, and Cabral

A

Under Henry the navigator they explored the African coast and set up ports in India

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2
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

(1451-1506)

Seeking a direct route to Asia for the Spanish he discovered the Western Hemisphere

Laid the foundation for European’s oppression and the exploration of the native peoples

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3
Q

Cotez and Pizarro

A

Late 1400’s to mid 1500’s

Conquered the Aztecs and incas

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4
Q

Suleiman the magnificent

A

(1491-1566)

Prominent monarch who presided over the Ottoman Empire, brought the empire to the apex of its military powers

Defended austria in thirty years war

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5
Q

ivan the terrible

A
  • (1547-1584)
  • was an autocratic nationalist who limited the power of the boyars, expanded the realm, and solidified the role of tsar.
  • after his death a time of trouble ensued as civil war broke out and there was a lack of an heir
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6
Q

Peter the Great

A
  • 1696-1725
  • expanded the power of the state and of the tsar by establishing a powerful army, which was a civil service to attend
  • implemented an educational system to train technicians in the skills developed by western science and technology
  • imposed economic burdens, western ideas, and social restrictions on the peasants to further his power
  • built St.Petersburg and Russia became a major power of this time
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7
Q

hohenzollern

A
  • dynasty known for ruling brandenburg, Prussia, German Empire, and Romania
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8
Q

Frederick William

A

1713-1740

  • solidified autocratic rule over brandenburg, Prussia, and the Rhine territories with a strong army and an efficient bureaucracy, and weakened nobles and peasants`
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9
Q

Junkers during the rule of Frederick William

A

Prussian nobles, served as elite officers in the army

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10
Q

absolutism

A

the political practice of centralized authority and absolute sovereignty rested in the monarch or dictator

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11
Q

Francis I

A
  • 1515-1547
  • valois rival of the HR emperor Charles V
  • consolidated absolutism in France taille
  • Nationalized the church in France and increased the power of the monarchy
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12
Q

Taille during the reign of Francis I in France

A

a direct tax on land and property

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13
Q

Concordant of Bolna

A
  • Francis I granted pope the right to collect the first year’s revenue from church offices in return for the power to nominate high officials in the French Church
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14
Q

Huguenots

A

French Calvinists

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15
Q

Henry II

A
  • 1547-1559
  • actively persecuted huguenots
  • and was opposed to any reform that would weaken the Church
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16
Q

edict of Toleration

A
  • Protestant persecution provoked civil war

- which was stopped by edict, which was issued by Catherine de Medici

17
Q

Catherine de Medici

A
  • daughter of Lorenzo Medici

mother and regent of Charles IX

18
Q

Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day

A
  • Catholic mobs slaughtered huguenot leaders who were in Paris
  • reignited religious tension in France
19
Q

Henry IV

A
  • 1589- 1610
  • French huguenot who converted to Catholicism before taking over
  • issued edict on Nantes
  • Duke of sully was his finance minister
20
Q

Edict of Nantes

A
  • guaranteed civil and religious freedom to the Huguenot minority
21
Q

Duke of Sully

A
  • Finance Minister under Henry IV
  • reformed tax collection system
  • improved transportation
  • stimulated trade and industry
  • fostered prosperity
  • led to increasing power of France
22
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A
  • prime minister to Louis XIII
  • centralized government by encouraging commerce and industry
  • strengthened the military
  • instituted intendant system
  • his domestic policies strengthened absolutism and prepared the way for the Sun King
23
Q

French Intendant system under Richelieu and Louis XIII

A
  • bourgeois officials answered only the king

- supervised the provinces and dominated the nobility

24
Q

Louis XIV

A
  • 1643- 1715
  • when Italian Cardinal Mazarin, his mother regent, died he declared himself his own PM
  • ruled over the Golden age of French culture and influence, France was the strongest nation on the continent
  • ruled through Versailles

-

25
Q

Italian Cardinal Mazarin

A
  • Louis XIV mother and regent

- protected Louis claim to the thrown through the Wars of the Fronde

26
Q

Wars of the Frondes

A
  • 1650-1652
  • Frondeurs were nobles who sought to limit the powers of the monarch and decentralize government in order to extend their own influence
  • Mazarin was able to subdue Frondeurs with help of bourgeoisie and peasants
27
Q

Divine Right Theory of Rule

A
  • Bishop Jacques Bossuet
  • claimed Louis like any absolutist monarch was placed on the throne by God and therefore owed his authority to no person or group
28
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A
  • 1619-1683
  • Was Louis XIV’s finance minister
  • known was the Father of French Mercantilism
  • abolished internal tariffs
  • created free trade zone in most of France
  • hoped to make France self sufficient, although opted for powerful army instead of navy

-

29
Q

Henry VII

A
  • 1485 - 1509
  • first of the Tudor monarchs in England
  • established a strong central government
  • raised revenues from middle class
  • enabled France to maintain a standing army and keep the nobility in check
  • consolidated parliament on significant issues
30
Q

Henry VIII

A
  • 1509-1547
  • Son of Henry VII and monarch of england
  • need to maintain a legit male heir led to the rule of Henry VIII, who was kinda a joke
  • his reign led to the English Reformation
31
Q

Mary Tudor

A
  • 1553-1558
  • Monarch of England and Henry VIII’s daughter
  • mother was Catherine of Aragon
  • known as bloody Mary for burning hundreds of protestants at the stake for dissenting against her attempt to reinstitute Catholicism
32
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  • 1558 - 1603
  • queen of England, last and greatest of Tudor monarchs
  • repealed Mary’s pro Catholic legislature
  • enacted act of supremacy
33
Q

Sir Frances Drake

A
  • 1540 - 1596
  • captained english fleet against powerful Spanish Armada,

Armada was invading because Elizabeth I executed Mary Tudor, Phillip II’s wife

-

34
Q

Prince Henry the navigator

A

(1394-1460)

Portugal leader who explored the south Atlantic

Diaz, da Gama, and Cabral explored the African coast and established trading posts in India.

Euro AP Test (7 decks)

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