Italian Renaissance Flashcards
0
Q
Notes on the Renaissance
A
- occurred first inItaly around 1300 and lasted until the mid 16th century
- considered the beginning of modern European history
- word means a rebirth or blast from the past
1
Q
when did the Renaissance occur
A
1300-1600
2
Q
what is quattrocento
A
- cultural and artistic events of 15th century Italy are collectively referred to as the Quattrocento
- basically refers to the height of the Renaissance in Europe
3
Q
Italian city states notes
A
- economic powers that had significant power and could impact the state itself
- competition meant that Italy did not unify politically
- balance of power among states- weaker states would ally with others so that one state would not dominate the peninsula
- competition led to a better economy, better arts, and innovation
- political disunity led to their downfall at the hands of Spanish and French forces
4
Q
Republic of Florence (which included Genoa)
A
- place where the Renaissance began
- Medici banking family controlled the city state
- built on swamp, instead of roads canals
5
Q
Duchy of Milan
A
- one of the most powerful city-states
- Ruled by Sforza family
- Sworn enemies of Florence, and big enemy of Venice
- Peace of Lodi- created a relative 40 year period of peace among the Italian city-states
6
Q
Rome, the Papal States
A
- Ruled by the Pope, longest lasting city state
- Controlled much of Italy indirectly because of its religious and political powers
7
Q
Venice, Genoa, Pisa (in the Republic of Florence)
A
used their strategic locations in the Mediterranean to control the European trade with the Middle East and Asia
8
Q
Florence and to a lesser extent, Rome, Naples and Milan ….
A
thrived as manufacturing and market centers
9
Q
Italian city states spreading knowledge
A
- being trading powers Italian city-states helped to spread ideas from different cultures around the world throughout Europe
- city states shared Arab mathematics and technology, Asian ideas and products
10
Q
Growth of a very general securalism
A
- merchants and bankers new found wealth encouraged appreciation of earthly pleasures and diminished dedication to the pious traditions of the Middle Ages
- belief that art was beautiful for art’s sake, replaced the notion that all art had to be religious
- people began to believe that the world could be changed without the help of God
- the rich nurtured secularism and the poor followed their lead
11
Q
Medici family
A
- most famous Renaissance dynasty
- controlled Florence, used immense power to govern and patronize arts
12
Q
Giovanni de’ Medici
A
- Merchant and banker of florence, founder of the dynasty
- molded the modern world
13
Q
Cosimo de’ Medici
A
- Son of Giovanni, used the family fortune to fill the vacuum of power created by the lack of a national monarchy
- allied with other families, became the unofficial ruler of Florence
14
Q
Lorenzo de’ Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent)
A
- Cosimo’s grandson, republics ruler and major patron of the arts
- personified the Renaissance attitude of living life rather than waiting for death
- he recognized the genius around him
15
Q
Leonardo da Vinci
A
- Personified the Renaissance man
- Painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, writer, and scientist
- Mona Lisa and Last Supper
16
Q
Michelangelo Buonarroti
A
- Primarily a sculptor
- Pieta, Moses, David, and his paintings over the Sistine Chapel
- He glorified God by depicting the beauty of his earthly creations
17
Q
Petrarch
A
- (1304-1374)
- Considered the first “modern” writer, first to write in a novel
- Wrote sonnets in Italian, and other works in Latin,
- is considered the father of modern humanism,
- First to use and implement textual analysis
18
Q
Boccaccio
A
- (1313-1375)
- Contemporary to Petrarch, and a Florentine as well
- most famous work was the Decameron
19
Q
Baldassare Castiglione and The Book of the Courtier
A
- (1478-1529), book written 1528
- handbook on how gentlemen should act, he described the perfect Renaissance gentleman
- basically a book on manners
20
Q
Notes on Nicolo Machiavelli
A
- (1469-15270
- Wrote the Prince, the first ever political science work
- felt the need to write the Medicis a handbook on how to rule, watched and noted the rule of Cesare borgia
21
Q
The Prince
A
- (1513)
- handbook on how to rule, felt it was better to be feared than loved
- believed rulers should be fierce like a lion and cunning with a fox
- was an observation of how governments actually rule without moral judgement
- the ends justify the means, machiavelli discovered that successful governments acted in their own political interests, truthfully or deceitful,
- religion ceased to influence governments, guide of survival to separate the city states from the powers of the north
22
Q
Notes on Humanism
A
- literary movement that dealt with issues of politics and personal concern outside the realm of religion
- strong belief in individualism and the great potential of human beings
- revival of the great works of the ancient Greeks and Romans
23
Q
Civic Humanism
A
idea that education should prepare leaders to be active in political life
24
individualism
- glorified humans and their achievements, felt humans could achieve things without God
- aimed for a life of activity
25
Dante
- Latin, Middle Ages poet
- Divine Comedy - told Dante's experience of going through hell, purgatory, and paradise
- inspired Boccaccio and others
26
School of Athens
- By Raphael
| - personified Renaissance thinking
27
Leonardo Bruni
Wrote the first modern history
first to use the term humanism, most prominent among civic humanists
28
Decameron
- By Boccaccio, aimed to impart wisdom of human character
29
pieta
- Leonardo da Vinci
- possibly one the greatest sculptures ever created
- showed marry weeping and holding the limp body of a tortured Christ
