Reformation

Question 1

(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope.

Answer 1

John Wycliffe

Question 2

(late 1300s - early 1400s) preached in Bohemia, supported the idea of Utraquist. The Council of Constance burned him at the stake as a heretic.

Answer 2

Jan Hus

Question 3

(1466?-1536) Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not support the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.

Answer 3

Erasmus

Question 4

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Answer 4

Martin Luther

Question 5

The “Warrior-Pope”; most involved in war and politics; personally led armies against enemies; instituted reconstruction on St. Peter’s Basilica.

Answer 5

Pope Julius II

Question 6

Began to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome; tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the church; condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so; banned his ideas and excommunicated him from the church

Answer 6

Pope Leo X

Question 7

(1484-1531) Swiss humanist, priest and disciple of Erasmus. Founded the reform church in Switzerland. Much like Luther’s but differed over nature of Communion.

Answer 7

Ulrich Zwingli

Question 8

The meeting of Luther and Zwingli to unite their two movements. They failed over the issue of communion. Zwingli believed the Bread and Wine were symbolic. Luther could not go that far.

Answer 8

Marburg Colloquy

Question 9

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

Answer 9

Henry VIII

Question 10

1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry’s desire for a divorce from her precipitated England’s break with Rome.

Answer 10

Catherine of Aragon

Question 11

Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her.

Answer 11

Anne Boleyn

Question 12

Henry VIII, a devout member of the Roman church, attacked Luther’s doctrines in 1520 in this book.

Answer 12

Defense of the Seven Sacraments

Question 13

(1545-1563); met periodically to discuss the Church’s reformation. Ultimately decided to keep all 7 sacraments, and keep celibacy, among other things. They’d reform the education of priests etc.

Answer 13

Council of Trent

Question 14

A religious order known as the Society of Jesus, created to strengthen support of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation.

Answer 14

Jesuits

Question 15

the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)

Answer 15

Counter Reformation

Question 16

(1491-1556) Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits (1534); this order of Roman Catholic priests proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism during the Catholic Reformation.

Answer 16

Ignatius of Loyola

Question 17

Archbishop Albert hired John Tetzel to sell indulgences to the people. Tetzel even made up an advertising scheme for the sale of indulgences. He drew up a chart with the prices for the forgiveness of sins.

Answer 17

John Tetzel

Question 18

(1509-1564) The Frenchman was influenced by Luther and converted religions and became a highly influential Protestant leader. His “The Institutes of the Christian Religion” (1535) which expressed his view on Christian teachings as faith oriented.

Answer 18

John Calvin

Question 19

Calvin’s religious theory that God has already planned out a person’s life, including whether he or she is ultimately saved.

Answer 19

Predestination

Question 20

Location of a new Calvinist sect

Answer 20

Geneva

Question 21

A Protestant Christian religion characterized by governance by a group of elders and traditionally Calvinistic in doctrine.

Answer 21

Presbyterian

Question 22

Another name for the Church of England.

Answer 22

Anglican

Question 23

Bishops selling positions in the Church.

Answer 23

Simony

Question 24

Favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs).

Answer 24

Nepotism

Question 25

A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.

Answer 25

Indulgences

Question 26

Martin Luther’s ideas that he posted on the church door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation.

Answer 26

95 Theses

Question 27

(1519-1556) - Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands. Devout Catholic who wanted to see Catholicism restored in the HRE.

Answer 27

Charles V

Question 28

Rebellion broke out against all authority in 1524-1525 in Germany over class struggles and religious revolts. Luther did not approve of this, despite being blamed for it.

Answer 28

Peasant’s War

Question 29

Martin Luther’s prince who gave him a place to hide after he was declared an outlaw.

Answer 29

Frederick the Wise

Question 30

1534 Declared the king to be head of the English church rather than the Pope (created by Henry VIII)

Answer 30

Act of Supremacy

Question 31

document passed by the Reformation Parliament in the same year as the Act of Supremacy that made Anne Boleyn’s children legitimate heirs to the throne

Answer 31

Act of Succession

Question 32

A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization.

Answer 32

Anabaptists

Question 33

A severe penalty imposed by the Church for serious sins against the Catholic religion; it brings exclusion from participation in the sacramental life of the Church.

Answer 33

Excommunication

Question 34

Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

Answer 34

Diet of Worms