Reformation Flashcards
(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope.
John Wycliffe
(late 1300s - early 1400s) preached in Bohemia, supported the idea of Utraquist. The Council of Constance burned him at the stake as a heretic.
Jan Hus
(1466?-1536) Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not support the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.
Erasmus
95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
Martin Luther
The “Warrior-Pope”; most involved in war and politics; personally led armies against enemies; instituted reconstruction on St. Peter’s Basilica.
Pope Julius II
Began to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome; tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the church; condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so; banned his ideas and excommunicated him from the church
Pope Leo X
(1484-1531) Swiss humanist, priest and disciple of Erasmus. Founded the reform church in Switzerland. Much like Luther’s but differed over nature of Communion.
Ulrich Zwingli
The meeting of Luther and Zwingli to unite their two movements. They failed over the issue of communion. Zwingli believed the Bread and Wine were symbolic. Luther could not go that far.
Marburg Colloquy
(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.
Henry VIII
1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry’s desire for a divorce from her precipitated England’s break with Rome.
Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her.
Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII, a devout member of the Roman church, attacked Luther’s doctrines in 1520 in this book.
Defense of the Seven Sacraments
(1545-1563); met periodically to discuss the Church’s reformation. Ultimately decided to keep all 7 sacraments, and keep celibacy, among other things. They’d reform the education of priests etc.
Council of Trent
A religious order known as the Society of Jesus, created to strengthen support of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation.
Jesuits
the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)
Counter Reformation
(1491-1556) Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits (1534); this order of Roman Catholic priests proved an effective force for reviving Catholicism during the Catholic Reformation.
Ignatius of Loyola
Archbishop Albert hired John Tetzel to sell indulgences to the people. Tetzel even made up an advertising scheme for the sale of indulgences. He drew up a chart with the prices for the forgiveness of sins.
John Tetzel
(1509-1564) The Frenchman was influenced by Luther and converted religions and became a highly influential Protestant leader. His “The Institutes of the Christian Religion” (1535) which expressed his view on Christian teachings as faith oriented.
John Calvin
Calvin’s religious theory that God has already planned out a person’s life, including whether he or she is ultimately saved.
Predestination
Location of a new Calvinist sect
Geneva
A Protestant Christian religion characterized by governance by a group of elders and traditionally Calvinistic in doctrine.
Presbyterian
Another name for the Church of England.
Anglican
Bishops selling positions in the Church.
Simony
Favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs).
Nepotism
